《语言学导论-英文版.pptVIP

研究方法 Methods to carry out studies 1. 共时/历时Synchronicity/ Diachronicity. Contrastive study of certain phenomenon in the same period, Modern to modern, ancient to ancient. 2. 描述/解释Explanation/description. CA not merely finds the differences between languages but gives explanation 3.演绎/归纳Deduction/induction. CA not only lists examples and facts to draw a conclusion, but also put forward a propose and try to illustrate. 4. 实证/思辩Statistics/Analysis. Conclusion is drawn on the basis of statistical study not merely few cases and examples 1. 共时/历时 1）Synchronic intralingual 语言内共时