Carbon Dioxide Capture and Geological Storage Contributing to二氧化碳捕获和地质封存.ppt

Carbon Dioxide Capture and Geological Storage: Contributing to Climate Change Solutions Luke Warren, IPIECA The Development-Climate Challenge By 2030 energy use forecast to grow by 60% Fossil fuels projected to remain dominant energy source Meeting demand requires technology development investment Affordable energy is a key factor to achieve economic social development 1.6 billion currently lack access to electricity Climate Concerns over impacts of increased GHG emissions Role of Technology in Providing for Energy Demand and Stabilizing CO2 Concentration Role of Technology in Providing for Energy Demand and Stabilizing CO2 Concentration What is Carbon Dioxide Capture and Geological Storage? Stationary sources responsible for large share of CO2 emissions Electricity provides ~40% of global CO2 emissions Capture of CO2 from flue-gas using an amine absorbent at a cost of roughly 40 US$/tCO2 Alternative methods: pre-combustion decarbonisation; combustion using oxygen instead of air or; separation using membranes, solid adsorbent cryogenics Captured CO2 can be transported by high pressure pipelines or tankers to land-based or offshore geological sites Geological storage sites include depleted natural gas and oil fields, deep saline aquifers, and coal seams. CO2 Capture and Storage Technology for a Greenhouse Gas Constrained Future Scope for CCS is large Emissions from power production and industry = 63% of global CO2 emissions If shift to hydrogen or electricity for transportations energy carrier, then scope could include another 25% of global CO2 emissions Allows coal to continue to contribute to energy in a GHG constrained world CCS adds costs and consumes energy leading to increased cost of energy services; electricity generation costs estimated to increase by 0.01 – 0.05 US$ / kWh* additional depletion of energy resources The current cost of CCS from power plants is roughly 40-60 US$/tCO2 In limited cases capture costs can be modest: gas pr