Cerebrovascular Accident “Brain Attack”脑血管意外“脑卒中”.ppt

* * Medulla contains respiratory, vasomotor, and cardiac function controls according to Lewis Reticular formation – Neurons and axons from medulla to thalamus and hypothalamus which relay sensory information, influence excitatory an inhibitory control of spinal motor neurons and control vasomotor and respiratory activity. Reticular formation is part of the reticular formation and controls arousal. Brain stem also contains centers controlling sneezing, coughing hiccupping, vomiting, and swallowing. * The arterial supply of the head and neck is derived from the common carotid, vertebral and subclavian arteries. The right common carotid arises from the brachiocephalic trunk, while the left common carotid arises from the aortic arch directly. The common carotid lies within the carotid sheath and runs upwards in the neck to the upper border of the thyroid cartilage. Here it divides into external and internal carotid arteries. The external carotid artery supplies branches to most of the structures of the neck, the face and scalp.  * * * Dysarthria: Speech that is characteristically slurred, slow, and difficult to produce (difficult to understand). The person with dysarthria may also have problems controlling the pitch, loudness, rhythm, and voice qualities of their speech. Dysarthria is a disorder caused by paralysis, weakness, or inability to coordinate the muscles of the mouth. Dysarthria can occur as a developmental disability. It may be a sign of a neuromuscular disorder such cerebral palsy or Parkinson disease. It may also be caused by a stroke, brain injury, or brain tumor. Treatment of dysarthria is by intensive speech therapy with the focus on oral-motor skill development. * Left hemisphere is dominant for all right handed people and many of the left handed. Dominant hemisphere – Speech –Broca Center- making the spoken word and calculations (Balance the checkbook.) Usually the Right hemisphere: Non-dominant hemisphere – organization, depth perception, organ