SAT2物理总结..docVIP

Wave 1. Mechanical waves are periodic disturbances in a medium that transfei energy 2.electromagnetic waves donot need a medium for propagation 3.waves can be either transverse or longitudinal 4.the velocity of a wave is equal to the the product of its frequency and its wavelength 5.inference and diffraction are characteristics typical for all waves 6.resonance involves matching the natural vibrating vibrating frequency of objects 7.nodes are points that do not move in a standing wave 8.standing wave node occur every half wavelength . 9.diffraction occurs as waves bend around barriers in the same medium 10.interference can either be constructive (reinforce) or destructive(cancellation) 11.superposition is the mixing of waves , which can either add or subtract amplitudes depending on the phases of the interfering waves. Doppler effect Laws of vibrating strings Vibrating air columns (closed pipes open pipes ) The number of beats=the difference between the two frequencies Geometrical optics: Reflection and Refraction Normal 法线 incident light 入射光线 diffuse reflection 漫反射 regular reflection 镜面反射 erect 正立的 center of curvature (C) 两倍焦距 principal focus (F) f=C/2 light is an electromagnetic wave The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. All angle are measures relative to the normal line. Refraction is a change in the direction of light caused by a change in light’s velocity as it goes from one transparent medium into another at an oblique angle. The absolute index of refractionof a transparent material is equal to the ratio of the velocity of light in air to the velocity of light in the material. As light goes form a lower-index material to a high-index material, it slows down and bends toward the normal. n1 *sinθ1=n2*sinθ2 Total reflection occurswhen the angle of the incidence in the optically denser medium is grater than the critical angle(one condition is must n1:n21) Real image ca