中考复习-宾语从句..docVIP

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中考复习-宾语从句.

宾语从句 定义:在句中充当宾语成分的从句叫做宾语从句。 什么宾语? 联想汉语中动词后面接宾语,表示动作的对象。如吃饭、喝粥,均是动宾短语。其次出现宾语的地方有介宾短语和偏正短语(形adj.+名n.)。 回到英语中,宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分who is your teacher. 从句中的主语 2.时态: 1)当主句为一般现在时或一般将来式时,宾语从句中主句和从句各用所需时态,互不影响。 I wonder when he came. 一般现在时 过去时 I wonder where he has gone. 一般现在完成时 I know what he is going to talk about. 一般将来时 2)如果主句为一般过去时,从句应用相应的过去时态。 A.主句与从句的动作同时发生,从句用过去进行时或一般过去时。She said that she was working on the Internet. B.从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前,从句用过去完成时。He didn’t know what they had come here for. C.从句的动作发生在主句的动作之后,从句用过去将来时。Jim told me he would spend his holidays in the south. 注意下列特殊情况:1)宾语从句中有明确表示过去的时间状语,不论主句用什么时态,从句一律用过去时。2)宾语从句表示客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、现阶段存在的客观事实、现在经常性或习惯性的动作、谚语、格言等,不论主句用何种时态,从句一律用一般现在时。如:Our teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.? suggest, advise, propose, recommend, order, sb. (should) do sth. command, request, require, demand, ask(要求), + that sb. (should)not do sth. insist(坚持要求),urge(强烈要求,极力主张) sth. (should) be done sth. (should) not be done I suggest that he (should) be sent there. 4.连接词: 连词 连接代词pron. 连接副词adv. 宾语从句 that, whether,if who/whom/whose/whoever/whomever/ whosever/what/which/whatever/whichever when/where/why/how/how much/how long/how often… 5.连接词的区别 ⑴ whether 与 if 宾从中用whether不用if 的五种情形, ①与"or not"紧紧连用时,whether…or not 不论、是否,固定短语, I am not sure whether it’s right or not. ②与不定式紧紧连用时。 We don’t know whether to go. ③介词后的宾语从句: We are talking about whether to go there. ④宾语从句前置时, Whether he will come, we are not sure. ⑤动词discuss后的宾语从句 We’re discussing whether she’s right (or not). 补充:主、表、同位语从句中,用whether不用if。 宾语从句是否定句时,用"if"不用 "whether"。 I don’t care if it doesn’t rain. 否定句 动词doubt后,"whether","if"两者皆可。 I doubt whether / if he will come. ⑵that 与 what that what 宾语从句 连词,不担任成分,无词义,一般可省略 连接代词pron.,做宾语,有词义 e.g. She advises that everybody (should) be there.

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