英语语言学名词.docVIP

现代语言学 一 绪论 1 Linguisitics: 语言学 Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language 2 Phonetics: 语音学 The study of sounds which are used in linguistics communication is called phonetics. For example, vowels and consonants 元音、辅音、声调、重音以及节奏、音变 3 Phonology: 音韵学The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology. For example, phone, phoneme, and allophone. 4 Morphology: 形态学The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words is called morphology. For example, boy and “ish”---boyish, teach---teacher. 5 Syntax: 句法学 The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences is called syntax. For example, ”John like linguistics.” 6 Semantics: 语义学The study of meaning in language is called semantics. For example: “The seal could not be found. The zoo keeper became worried. The seal could not be found, The king became worried.” Here the word seal means different things. 同义词、反义词，同音词 7 Pragmatics: 语用学 The study of meaning in context of use is called pragmatics. For example, “I do” The word do means different context. 在特定情景中的特定话语，研究如何通过语境来理解和使用语言。 8 Sociolinguistics: 社会语言The study of language with reference to society is called sociolinguistics. For example: regional dialects, social variation in language. 方言， 9 Psycholinguistics: 语言心理 The study of language with reference to workings of mind is called psycholinguistics. 二 音系学 1 Phonetics: 语音学The study of sounds that are used in linguistic communication is called phonetics. 2 Phonology: 音韵The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology. 3 Phone: 语音 Phone can be simply defined as the speech sounds we use when speaking a language. A phone is a phonetic unit or segment. It does not necessarily distinguish meaning; some do, some don’t. 4 Phoneme: 音素；音位Phonology is concerned with the speech sounds which distinguish meaning. The basic unit in phonology is called phoneme; it is a unit that is of distinctive value. 5 A