ENGINEERING MATERIALS 工程材料简介(中英对照).docVIP

ENGINEERING MATERIALS TYPES OF MATERIALS 工程材料 Materials may be grouped in several ways. Scientists often classify materials by their state: solid, liquid, or gas. They also separate them into organic (once living) and inorganic (never living) materials. For industrial purposes, materials are divided into engineering materials or nonengineering materials. Engineering materials are those used in manufacture and become parts of products. Nonengineering materials are the chemicals, fuels, lubricants, and other material used in the manufacturing process which do not become part of the product. 材料可以在几个方面进行划分。科学家往往分类材料往往由他们的状态：固体，液体，或气体。他们也将它们分为有机（一旦生活）和无机（从来没有生活）材料。 工业用途划分，材料分为工程材料和化学材料。 工程材料，是那些用在制造，并被加工成产品。 化学材料是化学品，燃料，润滑剂，及其他材料的使用在制造过程中不被加工成产品。 This grouping is not exact. Engineering materials may be further subdivided into: 1. Metals. 2. Polymers 3. Ceramics. A fourth type of material sometime listed is called a composite. Materials in this group are made up of two or more material from the engineering groups, Each of the materials in composite retains its original characteristics. Examples of composites include wood-, concrete-, glass-reinforced polyester, and graphite polymer advanced composites. 这个分组是不是很准确的。工程材料，可进一步细分为： 1、金属 2、聚合物3、陶瓷。第四类材料的某个时候上市，是所谓的复合。材料在这个分组的成立两个或两个以上的材料，从工程组，每组的复合材料在保持其原有的特色。例如，复合材料，包括木材，混凝土，玻璃纤维增强聚酯，聚合物和石墨等复合材料。 COMMON METALS Pure metals are seldom used in common industrial products. Pure copper is used in electrical applications, in automotive radiators, and gaskets. Pure aluminum has application in the chemical and electrical industries. However, most metals are alloys(combinations of two or more elements). There are over 25,000 different iron-carbon alloys(steel) and over 200 standard copper alloys including a number of brasses, bronzes, and nickel silvers. Each of these alloys are identified by a code number. 常见的金属纯金属是很少使用共同的工业产品。纯铜是用来在电气应用，在汽车散热器和垫圈。纯铝已应用在化工和电器行业。然而，大多数金属是合金（组合两个或两个以上的元素） 。有超过25000不同的铁碳合金（钢铁）和超过200标准铜合金，包