9(名词从句).pptVIP

Ⅲ. The noun clause 1. Four set patterns and their translation. ① 众所周知，水银是一种金属。 It is well known that mercury is a metal. ② 由此得出（得知）电流与外加电压成正比。 It follows that the current is directly proportional to the applied voltage. ③ 显然，这个式子只适用于金属导体。 It is clear/ evident /obvious /apparent that this equation holds only for (applies to ) metallic conductors. ④ 该电流来自何方是没有关系（区别）的。 It does not matter (makes no difference) where the current comes from. 2. The what-clause Difficulty with it lies in the treatment of the word “what” in the Chinese version. 1) The common case ① “what” belongs to an interrogative pronoun. 什么/ 多大/ 哪种… Examples: To understand what atomic energy is, we must first have a correct knowledge of the structure of the atom. We are not interested in why a limited capacity exists, but what the limit is. For our present purpose it is unnecessary to ascertain in what form energy exists in a hot body. ② “what” belongs to a relative pronoun. “…的（事，东西，内容，话，…）” what = the thing(s)/ the person(s)/ the place(s) + that What is described in this section is of great importance. What I have said above is not necessarily correct. What we need is an oscilloscope(示波器). Its actual direction is opposite to what has been assumed. Examples: Gas takes the shape of what is holding it. It must be clear from what we have already learnt that man is much more than a machine. The turning of the earth on its own axis is what makes the change from day to night. 2) A few special patterns ① 人们（通常）所说的/ 所谓的 机器人只不过是一种特殊的电子设备。 What is called/we call a robot is no more than (just) a special kind of electronic equipment. “so-called” is generally a derogatory(贬义的) term so that it is rarely used in technical English. What we call a machine is really a kind of tool that can do work for man. What used to be called a phonograph(留声机) is now called a record player. Later in 1947, they discovered what was later to be named the “transistor” effect. ② in all that follows/ in w