2013年8月24日托福阅读真题解析2013年8月24日托福阅读真题解析.doc

2013年8月24日托福阅读真题解析 第一篇 北美印第安人与欧洲人的贸易，贸易对印第安人的影响包括生活文化 。举了一种头饰做例子 原来是beaver的牙做的后来用金属。 欧洲人带来的一些材料后来成为印第安人身份的象征 解析本文属于典型的历史类文章。谈北美印第安人与欧洲人的贸易与欧洲人的贸易，重点在贸易对双方带来的影响。属于现象—影响类的文章，类似的文章大家也可参照TPO文章Trade and The Ancient Middle East. 相关背景请参考以下文章。 American Indians at European Contact European explorers came to the New World oDetail from map: Novi OrbisDetail from 16th century map. Novi Orbis is new world in Latin.f North America in the 1500s. Before that time, the continent was an unknown place to them. These adventurers saw it as an entirely new land, with animals and plants to discover. They also met new people in this exciting New World—people with fascinating lifeways that the Europeans had never seen and languages they had never heard. This New World for Europeans was actually a very old world for the various people they met in North America. Today we call those people American Indians. Archaeologists tell us that American Indians may have been on the North American continent for fifty thousand years. They were the first Americans, and they were great explorers, too. They didnt come to this continent all at once. It is thought that these ancient adventurers arrived at different times, over several thousands of years. They journeyed from Asia on foot or by boat. Their explorations took them through icy landscapes and along the coastlines. Eventually these earliest American explorers spread out over the entire continent. Over time, their lives changed as they adapted to different environments. American Indians were creative. They found ways to live in deserts, in forests, along the oceans, and on the grassy prairies. Native peoples were great hunters and productive farmers. They built towns and traded over large distances with other tribes. These were the people the European explorers met when their ships landed in America. As the English, French, and Spanish explorers came to North America, they brought tremendous changes to American Indian tribes. Europeans carried a