Movements.doc

Movements Literate women of colonial time: Anne Bradstreet first woman get published 1660s/1670s Abigail Smith Adams wife of John Adams Phillis Wheatley first black woman poet Great Awakening (1730s-1750s): A series of Protestant religious revivals Leading figures: Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield (from England) - undermined the old clergies, brought “New Light” ministers and - created “New Light schools” such as Princeton, Brown, Dartmouth - increased the numbers and competitiveness of the churches - encouraged missionary work among the Indians and black slaves - The first spontaneous mass movement of American people The Industrial Revolution (1800-1850) The Market Revolution (1812-1845): 1793 Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin - Raising cotton became more profitable( More slaves in the South, Cotton production moved west (Black Belt), Northern textile industry develop 1807 Robert Fulton invented the steamboat - Opened the West and the South - Lowered the cost and improved the efficiency - Enabled Southern planters to send cotton north in bulk, giving rise to the Northern textile industry Other Inventions: Cyrus McCormick Mechanical reaper (1830s) John Deere Steel plows (1837) Elias Howe Sewing machine Samuel Morse Telegraph, Morse code Assembly lines, interchangeable parts (Eli Whitney) Transportation Revolution: 1815 Henry Clay proposed the American System National Road (began in 1811, completed in 1838), Erie Canal (始1817, from Albany to Buffalo, connected Hudson River to Lake Erie), the first railroad(1828) ( Expand the market ( Market Revolution 市场经济发展，工厂人员分工，全国地域分工、Mass Production 1830s-1840s大量移民 爱尔兰穷人 cities 工厂、铁路、National Road、Canal Roman Catholic 歧视 德国有钱人 cities and rural area在Great Lakes附近 small farmers or artisans ( Nativism, Know-Nothing Party Social Stratum: Social mobility limited (greater than in Europe) North: The wealthy: involved in politic, children educated The middle class: woman