模拟法测静电场[1英译对照].docVIP

模拟法测绘静电场The simulation for measuring the electrostatic field ［实验目的］experiment goal] 1、学习用模拟法测绘静电场的原理和方法。Study the principle and the method for measuring the electrostatic field 2、加深对电场强度和电位概念的理解。Understanding the concept of electric-field intensity and electric potential. ［实验原理］[experiment principle] 在一些科学研究和生产实践中，往往需要了解带电体周围静电场的分布情况。一般来说带电体的形状比较复杂，很难用理论方法进行计算。用实验手段直接研究或测绘静电场通常也很困难。因为仪表(或其探测头)放入静电场，总要使被测场原有分布状态发生畸变；而且除静电式仪表之外的一般磁电式仪表不能用于静电场的直接测量，因为静电场中不会有电流流过，对这些仪表不起作用。所以，人们常用“模拟法”间接测绘静电场的分布。 For some scientific research and the production practice, we need to understand the electrostatic field distribution for around the charged body. Generally speaking, the charged body shape is quite complex, there are some difficulty to gain the electrostatic field distribution for the theory method and experiment method. Because the measuring appliance (or its detecting head) puts in the electrostatic field, will result to distortion for the field original distribution; Moreover，general moving coil instrument cannot use in the electrostatic field except electrostatic instrument, because no current to wind in the electrostatic field, and have not any effect to these measuring appliances. Therefore, The simulation for measuring the electrostatic field is expected . 一、模拟的理论依据simulation theory 模拟法在科学实验中有着极其广泛的应用，其本质是用一种易于实现、便于测量的物理状态或过程的研究去代替另一种不易实现、不便测量的状态或过程的研究。The analogue method has the extremely widespread application in the scientific experiment, its essence is using the easy physical state to replace a state which is not easy to realize. 为了克服直接测量静电场的困难，我们可以仿造一个与待测静电场分布完全一样的电流场，用容易直接测量的电流场去模拟静电场。In order to overcome the difficulty for the direct measurement electrostatic field, we may copy with the testing static electricity field distribution direct which is can be measure completely which is the same as electricity flow field. 静电场与稳恒电流场本是两种不同的场，但是它们两者之间在一定条件下具有相似的空间分布，即两种场遵守的规律在形式上相似。它们都可以引入电位，而且电场强度；它们都遵守高斯定理。对静电场，电场强度在无源区域内满足以下积分关系The electrostatic field and the ste