江苏大学英研究生英语课件Unit 5徐江苏大学英研究生英语课件Unit 5徐.docVIP

Unit 5. Proposals 5.1．Definition of Proposal A proposal is a suggestion or request that some particular action be taken. A proposal is a written offer to solve a technical problem in a particular way, under a specified plan of management, or for a specified compensation. In other words, a proposal is a document designed to persuade a “customer” that the individual or organization presenting it can provide a useful service or product andin the probable even that competition is involvedcan provide it more satisfactorily than any competitor can. Proposals may be quite brief, produced by a single author, but proposals are often a very long report which requires a considerable number of writers assisted by a number of other people who contribute information. In the above definition, “written offer to solve a technical problem”, “specified plan of management”, and “for a specified compensation” are the main elements of a proposal. Let us take a closer look at each part of the definition. The written offer to solve a technical problem describes, often in minute detail, the design or plan proposed, sometimes along with some discussion of alternate plans and designs. Strictly speaking, it is this written offer to solve the technical problem that is known as the “technical proposal.” The specified plan of management mentioned in the definition above is commonly called the “management proposal.” In general, the management proposal explains to the prospective client precisely how the entire project will be managed, tells who (often by name) will manage it, and suggests a time scheme for completion of the phases of the project. One of the important purposes of the management proposal is to assure the customer that the work will be done by competent personnel during every stage, from prototype design study through manufacturing if the proposal is for “hardware,” or from initial exploratory study to final solutions if the proposal is for “software,” (“software