语言学考试范围.docxVIP

Frontvowel [ i: ] [ i ] [ e ] [ ] [ ]central vowel [ : ] [ ] [ ]backvowels [ u: ] [ ] [ : ] [ ] [α: ]Close vowel[ i: ] [ i ] [ u: ] [ ] Semi-close vowel[ e ] [ : ] Semi-open vowels[ ] [ : ] Open vowels[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ][ : ]Stop （Plosive）塞音（爆破音）[b] [p] [t] [d] [k] [g]Nasal 鼻音[m][n] [?]Fricative 擦音 [f] [v] [θ] [s] [z] [∫] [З]Approximant中通音[ j ] [r] [w]Lateral 边通音[l]Trill 颤音[r] Tap and Flap 触音Affricate 塞擦音[t∫] [dЗ]Closed words : their membership is fixed or limited.E.g. pro. prep. conj. art. etc. Open-class words: whose membership is in principle infinite or unlimited.e.g. n. v. adj. adv. E.g. regarding / with regard to ; throughout, in spite of1. The fact that there is no intrinsic connection between the word “pen” and the thing we write with indicates language is ______. arbitrary B. rule-governe. combined D. illogical 2. We can understand and produce an infinitely large number of sentence including sentences we never heard before, because language is _____. creative B. arbitrary C. understandable D. unique 3. ______ means language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. Duality B. DisplacementC. Creativity D. Arbitrariness 4. By ____ function people establish and maintain their status in society. experiential B. referential C. metalingual D. interpersonal 5. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language? Arbitrariness B.ProductivitC.Cultural transmission. D. Finiteness.6. The distinction between parole and langue was made by __________. HallidaB. ChomskyC. Bloomfield D. Saussur1./m,n/ are ________.fricatives B. dentals C. approximant D. nasals2. /w,j/ belong to ________.fricatives B. dentals C. approximant中通音D. nasals3. Which of the following vowels is the rounded vowel?[i] B. [u] C. [a:] D. [i:]4. Classification of