城市轨道交通系统2.docVIP

identification of the most suitable systems from literature review. From this, the relative success of each system and the different planning tools that each city had employed in relation to their new rail sy获得stem were identified. The aim was to include both successful and unsuccessful systems, and those that implemented different and innovative policies to support the systems, whether successful or not. 除了上述标准,研究案例有实际问题。一个收集关于北美系统的主要数据的访问获得了资金。除了北美，英国的系统也出现进行采访的专家在英语语言的便利性，因为这项研究是建立在英格兰。因此,它是决定专注于北美和英国系统实际的原因。第二个问题是在美国、加拿大和英国规划者和运营商的合作意愿的一些系统。第三个问题涉及确定最合适的系统从文献综述。,每个系统的相对成功,每个城市的不同的规划工具使用与他们的新铁路系统被确定。其目的是包括成功和不成功的系统,和那些不同的和创新的政策支持系统实现,是否成功。 As a result of these consideration, it was worthwhile to study the following systems: Miami Metrorail, St Louis MetroLink, San Diego Trolley, and Sacramento Light Rail, from the United States; Vancouver SkyTrain from Canada; and Tyne and Wear Metro, Manchester Metrolink, and Sheffield Supertram, from Britain. 由于这些考虑,这是值得研究以下系统:迈阿密火车,圣路易斯MetroLink,圣地亚哥电车,萨克拉门托轻轨,来自美国;从加拿大温哥华架空列车;和泰恩-威尔郡地铁,曼彻斯特MetroLink和谢菲尔德Supertram,来自英国。 Data collection 数据收集 Four main methods of data collection have been used: interviews, fieldwork, documents provided by planners and operators of the systems and previous research on the selected urban rail systems. For the North American case studies, a field trip was made in June 1997. Among the British cases, Manchester was visited in March 1998, and Sheffield and Newcastle in August 1998. In each city, interviews have been conducted with experts involved in the planning of the systems, in the funding arrangements for the systems, in their marketing and customer relations, and in their operation. In addition, interviews were conducted with city planners in municipalities and in metropolitan planning agencies (in American cities and in Vancouver, in Canada; there are no metropolitan governments in England). Furthermore, universities in these cities were visited and interviews were conducted with researchers w