香豆素类杀鼠剂中毒.ppt

杀 鼠 剂 中 毒Rodenticide poisoning Yongzheng gu 第八章 杀鼠剂中毒 杀鼠剂(rodenticide) 氟乙酰氨及毒鼠强－严禁剧毒杀鼠剂 杀鼠剂是国内第二位中毒毒物 杀鼠剂分类： 熏蒸杀鼠剂 无机杀鼠剂 有机杀鼠剂 天然杀鼠剂 Rodenticides are a heterogeneous group of compounds that exhibit markedly different toxicities to humans and rodents. They are among the most toxic substances regularly found in homes. The varieties of rodenticides used over the years are legion, leading to the popular expression, to build a better mousetrap. 有机杀鼠剂 抗凝血杀鼠剂： 茚满二酮类： 香豆素类杀鼠剂： 有机氟类 毒鼠强 取代脲类 有机磷酸脂类 氨基甲酸脂类 其他有机杀鼠剂 Rodenticides Anticoagulants Warfarin types Superwarfarins Single ingestions of Warfarin types are insignificant poisonings and do not usually cause bleeding problems Half-life of some superwarfarins are 120 days and can cause problems for weeks 第一节 毒鼠强中毒 毒鼠强(tetramine, TETS,Mesulmine) 对人和哺乳动物有剧毒，能引起二次中毒和环境污染。 中毒原因： 服毒自杀，投毒他杀，意外中毒（二次中毒，隐匿式中毒，长期残留） Environment The chemical is toxic to algae, but PEC/PNEC ratios are lower than 1. It is currently considered of low potential risk and low priority for further work. Human Health The chemical is genotoxic in vitro, a severe irritant to skin and eyes and a skin sensitiser, but exposure is low and well-controlled. Therefore, it is currently considered of low potential risk and low priority for further work. However due to its hazard character appropriate classification and labelling are recommended. tetramine 国家禁用的毒鼠强样品 毒鼠强毒死 千只麻雀卖 餐馆当野味 Animal humor (Rubber Chicken), J. Panksepp, 2005, Sci. 308:62-3 毒理作用 吸收：不经皮肤吸收，经胃肠吸收，体内各个脏器均匀分布， 属于惊厥型毒剂，出现癫痫样阵发性抽搐 是中枢神经系统抑制性神经递质GABA的拮抗剂，阻断GABA对神经元抑制作用，使运动神经元过度兴奋，导致强直性痉挛和惊厥；抑制体内某些酶的活性，导致中枢神经功能紊乱，兴奋性增加；其本身有类似咯氨酸衍生物生物胺作用，导致肾上腺素作用剧烈。 Toxic action GABA 中毒致死量： 人口服5－12mg, 0.1-0.2mg/kg 中毒症状： 口服中毒即可出现中毒症状，潜伏期10－30分，死亡多在中毒后30分到3小时。 典型中毒症状：强直性、阵发性抽搐，类似癫痫大发作。 间期可有不同程度的精神症状。 半数患者痉挛后有精神症状。 尸检所见： 急死者尸斑和尸僵显著，窒息征象明显。 检材采取： 剩余饭菜和呕吐物，胃及胃内容必须，血、尿、肝肾、心肺等。 代谢慢，可以长期检出。 法医鉴定要点 临床症状 毒物分析 尸体解剖