[专业英语短文翻译.docVIP

P89 What differentiates… What differentiates engineering from many other fields is that it attempts to go from theory into practice for the purpose of developing products and processes instead of merely observing the phenomena of that science or art. For example, a physicist studies and records findings in order to understand better some phenomena or physical process. On the other hand ,an engineer utilizes scientific information to make a particular process or products for use by consumers. ABET further defines the design portion of engineering activity as follows: 工程学对于其他许多的领域的区别在于，它试图把开发产品和工艺的目的从理论进入到实践，而不是仅仅是观察科学或艺术的现象。例如，一个物理学家研究和记录结果，以便更好地理解一些现象或物理过程。另一方面，工程师利用科学知识，使供消费者使用特定的工艺或产品。ABET进一步明确了工程活动的设计部分如下： P91 Step1… Step 1: Recognize the need — Some people mistakenly believe that engineers create need. This is ,of course , no more true than the notion that physicians create illness or farmers create hunger. The products and processes created by engineering design are a direct response to specific needs of society. The first step in the design process is probably the single most important part of the overall process. Yet it is frequently given inadequate treatment in the design process. A carefully formulated statement of need can often save considerable time and energy later in the design cycle. Implied in any statement of need is an understanding of the real constraints on the problem. Once a statement of need has been established, the designer would be well advised to review this statement periodically during the design process so that it can be revised if necessary. 一些人错误地认为工程师创造了需求。当然，没有什么比医生创造疾病或者农民创造饥饿这个观念更正确的了。工程设计创造产品和工艺是对社会需求的直接反应。第一步很可能是整个设计过程中最重要的组成部分。然而不适当的处理却在设计过程中频繁地出现。一个精心制定的需求描述经常能在设计周期的后期保存时间和精力。关于需求的任何陈述中都暗示着对问题的真正的限制的理解。一旦建立了一个需求描述，就很好地建议了设计者在设计过程中定期地翻阅这个描述，以便在有必要的时候可以进行修改。 P95 Most companies … Most companies that are engaged in machine design maintain their own product catalog library. Even though vendors of standard parts may be