[膀胱肿瘤.pptxVIP

膀胱肿瘤Bladder tumor业务学习 06-02一 概述 膀胱肿瘤是泌尿系统最常见的肿瘤，在我国，其发病率和死亡率均占泌尿系肿瘤的首位。　　A、summarize Bladder cancer accounts for nearly the most common in urinary system. 二 分类(1)上皮性，占95%以上，其中乳头状瘤（2%），移行细胞癌（94%），原位癌（1%），鳞状细胞癌（2%），腺癌（1%）。(2)非上皮性B、classification:(1)Superficial ,more than 95%,approximately 2% of that are papillary cancer,94% are transitional cell cancer. (2)invasive,三 病因 内在的遗传因素和外在的环境因素，肿瘤发病是复杂的多种因素作用的结果。C、 pathogenyHeredity factor inside and environmental factor outside,which is complicated. 1、 遗传易感性： 膀胱肿瘤和性别年龄关系密切，发病率男性比女性高2～10倍；60岁以后发病率高，很少在40岁以前发病。1 、 Heredity susceptibility: the incidence of bladder cancer increases directly with age and sex, which increases in people after 60 years old and is 2-10 times as common in men as in women. 2、 危险因素： 膀胱癌与环境职业，吸烟，感染，慢性炎症，结石，异物，盆腔照射，细胞毒化疗药物等有关。2. Risk factor: there are environment, occupation, smoking, infection, calculus and so on. 3、 生物学特点： 对膀胱癌生物学行为的研究表明膀胱癌的发生是一个多阶段过程，包含了多种基因突变，这些突变又可被分为早期和晚期。3. Biological characteristic: it contains manifold gene mutation. 四 病理1、 Tissue pathology 1)?Epithelial metaplasia and hyperplasia2) Urethral mucous membrane poor differentiation 3) Carcinoma in situ 4) Transitional cell carcinoma5) Squamous cell carcinoma6) Adenocarcinom1、 组织病理1)上皮化生和增生2)尿路粘膜分化不良3)原位癌4)移行细胞癌5)鳞状细胞癌6)腺癌2、 肿瘤的扩散1) 直接扩散2) 淋巴结转移和血行转移3) 种植性扩散2、 Diffusion1) Direct diffusion2) Lymphatic and vascular spread3) implantation五 临床表现1、 性别与年龄： 膀胱肿瘤高发年龄：50～70岁，男性多于女性，男、女之比约为3～4：1。E、Clinical manifestation1、 Sex and age : the peak incidence is in persons from 50-70 years old, with a male-to-female predominance of 3-4:1. 2、 症状：最常见的初始症状为无症状性肉眼血尿，同时可伴有排尿不畅，甚至尿潴留。2、 Symptoms: the most common symptoms is macroscopic and painless hematuria, with dysuria, even urine retention.六 诊断 临床上膀胱癌最常见的典型症状为间歇性无痛性肉眼血尿，约占85％，多数为全程血尿，少数为初始血尿或终末血尿，有的则为镜下血尿。 F、Diagnosis The most common typical symptoms of bladder cancer is intermittence , painless and macroscopic hematuria, nearly account for 85%, majority are total , whi