291 中绿色建筑评价体系的研究.docVIP

中国绿色建筑评价体系的研究 华北电力大学 张斌 魏兵 骆雯 摘要 当可持续发展成为人与自然和谐发展的全球性战略的同时，绿色建筑也成为建筑业发展的必然趋势，于此同时，绿色建筑的评价就成为了发展绿色建筑的重要问题。本文阐述了绿色建筑评价的意义，并分析对比了国内外不同绿色建筑评价体系的共同点和局限性。在此基础上运用全生命周期法建立了一个更合理，更科学，更适合中国国情的绿色建筑评价的指标体系。该体系包含6个一级指标，即，节地和室外环境，节能和能源利用，节材和材料利用，节水和水资源利用，室内环境品质和经济性。每一个一级指标又可以按照决策阶段，设计阶段，施工阶段和运行管理阶段分为更具体的二级指标。该评价指标体系对丰富和发展绿色建筑技术以及绿色建筑的快速健康发展有一定的理论和实际意义。 关键词 绿色建筑 评价体系 Research on Assessment Method of Green Buildings in China By Zhang Bin Wei Bing Luo Wen Abstract Presently the sustainable development stratagem has made the green buildings to be a trend of building industry in China, and the assessment issue to the green buildings is becoming more and more important in developing the green buildings. In this paper the meaning of the green building assessment is explained, several main domestic and foreign green building assessment systems are analyzed and compared, and the common ground and limitations of these assessment methods are presented. At last a new assessment index system which is more comprehensive, scientific and suitable for green buildings in China is developed by using the life cycle assessment method. This system contains six categories including land saving and outdoor environment, energy saving and utilization, material saving and utilization, water saving and utilization, indoor environment quality and economy. According to the decision-making stage, design stage, construction stage, operation and maintenance stage, each category is divided into more concrete indexes. The final new assessment index system is of theoretical and practical significance for the assessment of green buildings and the development of green buildings in China. Keywords Green Building Assessment System 概述 上世纪九十年代，发达国家针对日益快速发展的经济给自然环境带来的巨大影响和压力，提出了“绿色建筑”的概念。2004年在中央经济工作会议上中国第一次提出了要大力发展节能省地型住宅，在国家发布的十一五经济社会发展纲要中明确建设领域的任务是大力发展节能省地型建筑[1]。 在过去的十年里，我国的房屋建设保持了持续高速增长，每年竣工房屋建筑达16-22亿m2，年增长率约为8-10%。到2005年底，全国既有房屋建筑保有量约为430亿m2，城镇房屋建筑面积164.51亿，其中住宅建筑面积107.69亿m2。具体数据见表1[1]。预计到2020年底，全国房屋建筑面积达686亿m