[英文文献综述写作要求和方法.docxVIP

?????DefinitionA literature review（文献综述） is both a summary and explanation of the complete and current state of knowledge on a limited topic as found in academic books （学术著作）and journal articles（期刊论文）. There are two kinds of literature reviews you might write at university: one that students are asked to write as a stand-alone assignment in a course, often as part of their training in the research processes in their field, and the other that is written as part of an introduction to, or preparation for, a longer work, usually a thesis or research report. The focus and perspective of your review and the kind of hypothesis（假设） or thesis argument you make will be determined by what kind of review you are writing. One way to understand the differences between these two types is to read published literature reviews or the first chapters of theses and dissertations（学位论文） in your own subject area. Analyze the structure of their arguments and note the way they address the issues.Purpose of the Literature ReviewIt gives readers easy access to research on a particular topic by selecting high quality articles or studies that are relevant, meaningful, important and valid（有效的） and summarizing them into one complete report.?It provides an excellent starting point for researchers beginning to do research in a new area by forcing them to summarize, evaluate, and compare original research in that specific area.?It ensures that researchers do not duplicate work that has already been done.?你所整理的文章中作者主要观察的重点是什么It can provide clues（线索） as to where future research is heading or recommend areas on which to focus.?现在的研究都到了什么程度It highlights key findings.?It identifies inconsistencies（矛盾）, gaps and contradictions in the literature.?It provides a constructive analysis of the methodologies and approaches of other researchers.?前面研究者的建设性的方法和途径Content of the ReviewIntroductionThe introduction explains the focus and establishes the importance of the subject（主题）. It discusses what kind of work has b