CrAlN涂层刀具的摩擦学研究进展..docVIP

CrAlN涂层刀具的* 潘永智((? 艾兴 赵军 宋清华 李彬 (山东大学机械工程学院, 济南 250061) 摘 要：CrAlN涂层刀具具有高的硬度、耐磨性、优异的耐氧化性能、低摩擦系数和热导率等优良特性，有望替代TiAlN涂层刀具用于淬硬合金钢、钛合金及镍基合金的高速切削加工。综述了CrAlN涂层刀具的现状、CrAlN刀具涂层工艺,探讨了CrAlN涂层刀具的摩擦磨损特性及机理，指出了制备多元多层、梯度涂层和纳米超晶格涂层是今后发展的方向。 关键词：CrAlN；涂层刀具；摩擦磨损；高速切削 Progress in the tribology of CrAlN coated tool Pan Yongzhi, Ai Xing, Zhao Jun, Song Qinghua, Li Bin (School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China) Abstract: As the higher hardness and wear resistance, the superior oxidation resistance, the lower friction coefficient and thermal conductivity, the CrAlN coated tool has a big potential ability to be applied in high speed machining of quench alloy steel, titanium alloy and nickel based alloy instead of TiAlN coated tool. The present status of CrAlN coated tool and the preparation technologies of CrAlN coated tool were reviewed. The tribological properties and wear mechanisms of CrAlN coated tool were explored. It is now possible to design multi-component or multilayer coatings, graded coatings and nanoscale multilayered superlattice coatings. Key words: CrAlN; coated tool; tribology; high-speed machining School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China Abstract Keywords 自上世纪80年代初TiN涂层商业化以来，应用各种PVD）技术制备的涂层在很大程度上改善了高速钢和硬质合金刀具性能，使之具有高耐磨性、高强度、高硬度和低的摩擦系数，。?m/K 摩擦系数 TiN 2300 600 27 0.4 CrN 1750 700 - 0.5 TiAlN 3000 800 5 0.4 CrAlN 3200 1100 4 0.35 2 CrAlN涂层原子比)。基体负偏压、电弧电流、磁场强度、N2分压等都会对Cr1-xAlxN涂层成分产生影响。提高Al含量，能较大程度地提高涂层/基体界面结合力、涂层硬度、耐磨性和氧化性能。纯CrN涂层具有面心立方晶格的晶体结构fcc-CrN，AlN为密堆六方晶格结构hcp-AlN。当CrAlN涂层中Al含量较少时，Al作为间隙元素置换一部分的Cr，AlN晶格结构为fcc-AlN；当Al含量达到某一定值时，fcc-AlN转变为较软的hcp-AlN，hcp-AlN具有绝缘特性，将导致沉积过程中断[12]。因此控制Al含量是决定CrAlN涂层性能优劣的关键。 3 CrAlN涂层刀具的摩擦磨损 刀具切屑、刀具工件间的摩擦系数和损（磨损量、磨损速率）是描述一个摩擦学系统摩擦特性的变量。涂层具摩擦磨损的影响因素除了切削条件、刀具几何参数、切削介质外，还与基体材料、涂层和应用类型有关对涂层摩擦磨损的研究主要通过低速低载荷下的销盘、球盘摩擦磨损实验进行 图1 涂层的摩擦行为（与Al2O3配合） Fig.1 Friction behavior of the coatings against Al2O3 图2[8]示出了洛氏硬度（A标尺）压痕实验中，588N正压力下CrN涂层和CrAlN涂层的表面形貌，CrN涂层呈现片状剥落，而CrAlN涂