语言学名词解释语言名词解释.doc

Chapter 6: Pragmatics 1. pragmatics: The study of how speakers uses sentences to effect successful communication. 2. context: The general knowledge shared by the speakers and the hearers. (05) 3. sentence meaning: The meaning of a self-contained unit with abstract and de-contextualized features. 4. utterance meaning: The meaning that a speaker conveys by using a particular utterance in a particular context. (03). 6. Speech Act Theory: The theory proposed by John Austin and deepened by Searle, which believes that we are performing actions when we are speaking. (05) 7. constatives: Constatives are statements that either state or describe, and are thus verifiable. (06F) 8. performatives: Performatives are sentences that don’t state a fact or describe a state, and are not verifiable. 9. locutionary act: The act of conveying literal meaning by virtue of syntax, lexicon and phonology. 10. illocutionary act: The act of expressing the speaker’s intention and performed in saying something. (06F) 11. perlocutionary act: The act resulting from saying something and the consequence or the change brought about by the utterance. ?Chapter 7: Language Change 1. historical linguistics: A subfield of linguistics that study language change. 2. coinage: A new word can be coined to fit some purpose. (03) 3. blending: A blend is a word formed by combining parts of other words. 5. borrowing: When different culture come into contact, words are often borrowed from one language to another. It is also called load words. 6. back formation: New words may be coined from already existing words by subtracting an affix mistakenly thought to be part of the old word. Such words are called back-formation. 7. functional shift: Words may shift from one part of speech to another without the addition of affixes. 8. acronyms: Acronyms are words derived from the initials of several words. Chapter 8: Language And Society 2. speech community: A group of people who form a community and share at least one spe