本科毕业设计---绿色壁垒对我国出口贸易的影响及应对措施探析.docVIP

Abstract In todays international economic background, the trends of economic integration are becoming more and more obvious. International trade has been regarded as one of the main driving forces of international economic, and it has been an unprecedented development. Economic and trade exchanges between the countries become more frequent, and closely relationship increasingly. At the same time, Trade competition between countries also reached the extent of white-hot. In order to protect their own industries and markets, some countries takes a series of trade restrictions, such as Green trade barriers. Green trade barriers has been widely use since the 20th century 90 years. it is one of the main barriers to international trade in the field of international trade today. In this paper, the green barrier is the most popular kind of international non-tariff barriers. By analyzing the background of green barriers, and practical application of international trade, and its influence on green trade, study of the green barriers in systematic. and then accordding to domestic and foreign scholars on the theoretical study of the green barriers, on the basis of the shortcomings of foreign trade barriers, putting forward to some efficient policys solve the problem so that it can provide a theoretical reference for international trade to across the trade barriers. Keywords：Green Barriers ,International Trade , Response 引 言 国际贸易作为国际经济一体化的主要推动力之一，近年来得到了前所未有的发展，各国间的经济贸易往来愈加频繁、关系愈加密切，各国间的贸易竞争也达到了白热化的程度。一些国家在竞争如此激烈的环境下为了达到保护本国产业与市场的目的，便采取了一系列贸易限制措施，其中绿色贸易壁垒就是自20世纪90年代以来，发达国家使用最频繁的一种，也是当今国际贸易领域主要的贸易壁垒之一。由此可见，贸易保护主义并未销声匿迹，而是从关税壁垒转向了非关税壁垒。 一、何谓“绿色壁垒” （一）绿色壁垒的概念 随着技术性贸易壁垒的不断发展，应运而生的绿色壁垒已经成为技术性贸易壁垒的重要组成部分。实际上，在国际文献中并没有“绿色壁垒”一词，而是称为“环境壁垒”。“绿色壁垒”可以说是我国自己创造的一个新词，在国际上并没有权威的定义。我国学者提出的绿色壁垒概念，大多是从发展中国家的经济利益立场提出的，根据目前国内比较一致的看法，所谓“绿色壁垒”也称“环境壁垒”或者是“绿色贸易壁垒”，就是以保护自然资源、生态环境和人类健康为名，通过制定一系列复杂苛刻的环保制度和标准，对来自其他国家和地区的产品及服务设置障碍，限制出口，最终实现保护本国市场为目的的新型非关税壁垒。通常，绿色壁垒应由进出口国为保护本国生态环境和公众健康而设置的各种环境保护措施、法规标准