上转换和量子剪裁解析.ppt

量子剪裁 Emission spectra of LiGdF4:Eu3+(0.5 mol%) upon excitation in the 6IJ levels of Gd3+at 273 nm (violet line) and upon excitation in the 6GJ levels of Gd3+ at 202 nm (red line), both at 300 K. The spectra are scaled on the 5D1?7FJ emission intensity. (B) Excitation spectra of LiGdF4:Eu3+(0.5 mol%) monitoring the 5D1?7F2 emission of Eu3+ at 554 nm (violet line) and the 5D0?7F2 emission at 614 nm (red line), both at 300 K. The spectra are scaled on the 8S7/2?6IJ excitation intensity. 量子剪裁 From the R(5D0/5D1,2,3) values of 3.4 (for 6IJ excitation) and 7.4 (for 6GJ excitation), the ratio PCR/(PCR + PDT) was calculated to be?0.9, showing that 9 of 10 Gd3+ ions in the 6GJ excited state relax through a two-step energy transfer to Eu3+, yielding two visible photons. One of 10 Gd3+ ions in the excited 6GJ state transfers all its energy directly to a high energy level of Eu3+, resulting in the emission of only one visible photon. In this way, a visible quantum efficiency of 190% can be obtained if nonradiative losses (for example, losses due to energy migration and energy transfer to nonradiative quenching centers in the lattice) can be prevented. Experience with lanthanide phosphors has shown that nonradiative losses can be low if the synthesis procedure is optimized. Thus, in an optimized LiGdF4:Eu3+ phosphor, a quantum efficiency close to 200% may be possible. Losses due to UV emission from Gd3+ are negligible; in the emission spectra, only very weak Gd3+ emission lines were observed. The intensity of these lines was much less than 1% of the total emission intensity, which shows that the energy transfer from Gd3+ to Eu3+ through energy migration is efficient. Here, PCR is the probability for cross-relaxation, and PDT is the probability for the direct energy transfer from Gd3+ to Eu3+. R(5D0/5D1,2,3) is the ratio of the 5D0 and the 5D1,2,3 emission intensities. The subscript (6GJ or 6IJ) indicates the excitation level for which the ratio is obtained. 量子剪裁 真空紫外激发下LiGdF4:E