商学精要 商学精要第四单元必背点.doc

商学精要 商学精要第四单元必背点 导读：就爱阅读网友为您分享以下“商学精要第四单元必背点”资讯，希望对您有所帮助，感谢您对92的支持! Business Essential Chapter 4 Major world market places Major Trade Agreements Absolute/Comparative advantage International Organization Structures Quotas, Embargoes, Tariffs, and Subsidies ? The Major World Marketplaces ? Four Distinctions Based on Wealth – High-income countries – Upper middle-income countries – Low middle-income countries – Low-income countries (developing countries) ? Geographic Clusters – North America – Europe – Pacific Asia ? Significant Agreements and Treaties 1. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Canada, Mexico, and the United States 2. European Union (EU): Most European nations 3. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) : Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Vietnam 4. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT): Purpose: to reduce or eliminate trade barriers 5. World Trade Organization (WTO) Goals: 1. Promote trade through fair trade practices. 2. Reduce trade barriers by promoting multilateral negotiations. 3. Establish fair procedures for resolving disputes. ? Forms of Competitive Advantage 1. Absolute Advantage 2. Comparative Advantage 3. National Competitive Advantage ? Absolute Advantage – When a country can produce something that is cheaper and/or of higher quality than any other country – An advantage based on possessing a scarce resource (e.g. oil) or favorable physical location ? Comparative Advantage – When a country can produce goods more efficiently or better than other countries can produce the same goods – An advantage based on superior productivity (e.g., technologically advanced manufacturing capability) Word list absolute advantage balance of payments independent agent balance of trade international firm branch office licensing arrangement business practice law local content law cartel multinational firm comparative advantage national competitive advantage Dumping offsho