拖拉机变速箱齿轮20Cr材料热处理工艺研究..docVIP

摘要：小四轮拖拉机中变速箱齿轮是关键件，齿轮材料的选用及热处理工艺参数的确定一直是我们探究的主题。原来采用20CrMnTi材料，热处理工艺为气体渗碳，其渗碳温度高、时间长，易造成晶粒粗大、表面沉积碳黑等缺陷。由20Cr代替20CrMnTi，热处理工艺采用中温气体碳氮共渗直接淬火的方法。设备为RJJ-75-9T井式炉,滴柱式可控气氛控制炉压，渗剂为煤油加液态稀土共渗剂。此工艺共渗温度降至880℃，共渗时间缩至3小时。节约能耗33.6%，因缩孔造成的返修率降低到2.87%，齿轮本身也得到了更好的耐磨性、表面硬度和心部综合机械性能。 关键词：齿轮；气体碳氮共渗；工艺参数；耐磨性 Study On The Heat-treatment Process of 20Cr Gear in The Tractor Gear-box Abstract: The shift gear-box is the key component in a four-weel tractor. The choice for the raw materials for the gear component and determination for the heat-treatment processing paprameters have been the main subject. For the previously used 20CrMnTi materials, the heat treatment process is a gas carbonization process, the carbonizing temperature is high, and the heat-treatment time is long. This always results in grain coarsing and carbon black depostion on the surface. If the the 20Cr material is selected as the gear material instead 20CrMnTi, the heat treatment process is a direct quenching carried out via gas carbonitriding at a middle temperature. The equipment for the heat treatment is RJJ-75-9T type well furnace, the gas pressure in the furnace is controlled by instilled vapor, the permeating chemicals is the mixture of kerosene and liquid rare earths. The heat treatment temeprature is reduced to 880 degrees, and the treatment time is about 3 h. About 33.6% energy can be saved, and the repair rate of unpacked goods caused by the draw back of shrinkage hole can be reduced to 2.87%, the wear resistance, surface hardness and comprehensive mechanical properties of the core section are greatly improved. Key Words: gear；gas carbonitriding；process parameters；wear resistance 小四轮拖拉机变速箱齿轮工作时要承受强烈的摩擦磨损和高的交变弯曲应力和接触疲劳应力的作用，同时承受着强烈的冲击载荷作用。相应的这些齿轮常见的失效形式有过量磨损、表面剥落，甚至断齿等。因此，齿轮的技术要求是表面具有高硬度、高耐磨性、高接触疲劳强度，而心部应具有良好的综合力学性能。采用20CrMnTi材料气体渗碳工艺（热处理工艺曲线 图1）渗碳温度高930±10℃，渗碳时间长5小时。虽然按图纸技术要求：表面硬度、心部硬度、渗碳层厚度等都能达到。但齿轮内花键缩孔现象明显，返修率高，晶粒粗大，综合机械性能下降，材料本身经济性差，热处理生产周期长。本文齿轮以20Cr材料代替20CrMnTi材料，采用中温气体碳氮共渗工艺。对热处理参数进行全面的实验、分析研究,证明小