论共有人的优先购买权..docVIP

论共有人的优先购买权. 关键词: 共有人/优先购买权/同等条件/适用范围/强制缔约/竞存nbsp; 内容提要: 共有人的优先购买权在性质上为一种形成权,仅仅适用于按份共有人向共有人之外的人转让其份额(应有部分)的场合,但不适用于建筑物区分所有权制度中的共有领域。同等条件包含价款条件相同、价款支付的方式、受让人的信用状况及是否提供担保等因素。优先购买权的行使,可发生转让人和行使优先购买权的共有人之间当然成立转让合同、类推适用物权法关于善意取得的规定等效果。共有人的优先购买权与承租人的优先购买权仅仅在共有物实行补偿分割、共有物整体转归某共有人的情况下竞存。nbsp; Abstract:The preemption of co-owners is a right of formation in character. It is suitable for several co-owner transferring his share to others except for the co-owners, but it isn’tsuitable for common system ofdistinguishing the building property. The e-qual conditions include the same purchase price condition, the paying way of purchase price, the credit condition of transferee andwhether tendering guarantee ornot. The exertion ofpreemptionmay produce some resultswhich are as fol-low, the transfer contract is certainly established between the transferor and the co-ownerwho exercises the preemption; to analogize the rules ofgood faith acquisition in real right law, etc. The concurrence of the preemption of co-owner and the preemption of lessee only exists in the two conditions: when dividing the common property for compensation and trans- ferring the ownership to one of the co-owners. nbsp; Keywords:co-owners; preemption; equal conditions; scope of application; compulsory contracting; concurrence 一、概念分析 nbsp;nbsp; 《中华人民共和国民法通则》(以下简称为《民法通则》)第78条第3款后段及《中华人民共和国物权法》(以下简称为《物权法》)第101条后段的规定,按份共有人在转让其份额(应有部分)时,其他共有人在同等条件下,有优先购买的权利。这种优先购买权,在法国、德国、瑞士的民法上叫作先买权,中国台湾地区的立法称之为优先承买权或优先承受权。 nbsp;nbsp; 优先购买权,为附有条件的形成权,即优先购买权人得依一方的意思表示,形成以义务人出卖与第三人同样条件为内容的合同,无须义务人的承诺。只是该项形成权附有停止条件,必须待义务人出卖标的物于第三人时,才可以行使[1]。它是一种附条件的权利,一种技术性的、手段性的权利,并附从于基础法律关系的权利[2]。共有人就份额(应有部分)所享有的优先购买权,就是一种附停止条件的权利,一种技术性、手段性的权利,附从于共有关系。 nbsp;nbsp; 实际上,关于优先购买权的性质,学说存有分歧。一为订立买卖合同的请求权说。该说认为,优先购买权为订立买卖合同的请求权,是权利人得请求出卖人与自己订立买卖合同的权利,应其请求,出卖人有承诺的义务[3]。依该说,优先购买权人所作以同等条件购买的意思表示只是要约,如出卖人拒绝承诺,则合同自不成立。此时,优先购买权人如何获得保护,不无疑问[4]。二为债权的效力说。该说认为,优先承买权在性质上为请求权,仅具有债权的效力,如果买卖当事人之间已经办理了应有部分的移转登记,共有人即不得请求涂销该项登记。优先承买权的优先次序应