01细菌形态结构课件.pptVIP

Medical Microbiology 一 concept of microoranism : 二 type of microorganism: 1 non-cell type 2 prokaryotes 3 eukaryotes 三 general properties of M: 1 tiny in size 2 simple in structure 3 active in metabolism 4 fast rate in multiplication 5 easy in variation 6 widely distributed 四 relationship to human (一)? C .N circulation in nature (二)? in industry 、agricuture 、medicine (三)? make up of normal flora of human being 1 anti-pathogen 2 provide nutrition (四)? some M are pathogens 1 pathogens 2 opportunistic pathogens 五 history : leeuwenhoek . 1676 .microscopy (200 times ) Pasteur (1822-1895 ) : 1 yeast cells cause wines sour 2 pebrine caused by protozoan 3 spontaneous generation controversy 4 chickens: 42℃ , do not acquire anthrax 37℃ ,do 5 vaccine for rabies koch : (1843—1910) 1 cultivation techniques  2 staining  3 isolated TB  4 Koch’s postulates : ①microbes are observed in tissue specimens from dead animals ; ②isolated and grown in pure culture ; ③inoculated to a health animal ; ④the disease is produced in the animal ; ⑤then 1 ⑥then 2 六 object of medical microbiology pathogens 七 why we study medical microbiology 八 how to study ---: §1 . size and shape of bacteria size :tiny um (1um=1/1000 mm) shape : coccus : diplo~ , strepto~ tetrad ,sarcina , staphylo ~ bacillus : spiral bacterium :vibrio spirillum §2 . structure of bacterium  Structure of Bacteria: Essential structure: cell wall cell membrane cytoplasm nuclear material (nucloid) Special Structure capsule flagella pilus spore 一 Essential structure of bacteria (一)? cell wall : 1 peptidoglycan : (1) a backbone (2) tetrapeptide side chains (3) cross bridges 2 teichoic acid (G+) (1)?membrane ~ (LTA) (2) wall ~ functions : a. major surface Ag of G+ b.