美國头号经济强国的地位还能保持多久.docVIP

英汉对照版 Market Values 美国头号经济强国的地位还能保持多久？?? 2012-11-28 13:59:00|??分类：?我的译文|字号?订阅 原载《纽约时报》中文网2012年11月16日 ? Market Values By DAVID LEONHARDT?November 16, 2012 书评 美国头号经济强国的地位还能保持多久？ DAVID LEONHARDT?报道?2012年11月16日 Whatever their political party, American leaders have generally subscribed to one of two competing economic philosophies. One is a small-government Jeffersonian perspective that abhors bigness and holds that prosperity flows from competition among independent businessmen, farmers and other producers. The other is a Hamiltonian agenda that believes a large, powerful country needs large, powerful organizations. The most important of those organizations is the federal government, which serves as a crucial partner to private enterprise, building roads and schools, guaranteeing loans and financing scientific research in ways that individual businesses would not. 美国领导人无论属于何种政治党派，一般只会追随两种相互对立的经济学派。一种是主张小政府的杰弗逊流派，该派痛恨大规模，认为繁荣来自独立的商人、农民与其他生产者之间的竞争。另一种是汉密尔顿流派，坚信一个强大的国家需要强大的组织机构。机构中最为重要的是联邦政府，是私营企业至关重要的合作伙伴，修建公路与学校、提供贷款，资助科研，所采取的方式个体企业难以企及。 Today, of course, Republicans are the Jeffersonians and Democrats are the Hamiltonians. But it hasn’t always been so. The Jeffersonian line includes Andrew Jackson, the leaders of the Confederacy, William Jennings Bryan, Louis Brandeis, Barry Goldwater and Ronald Reagan. The Hamiltonian line includes George Washington, Henry Clay, Abraham Lincoln, William McKinley, both Roosevelts and Dwight Eisenhower. 当然，到了今天，共和党人就是杰弗逊派，民主党人则是汉密尔顿派。但也并非总是如此。属于杰弗逊流派的就有安德鲁·杰克逊(Andrew Jackson)、南部邦联各领导、威廉·詹宁斯·布赖恩(William Jennings Bryan)、路易斯·布兰代斯(Louis Brandeis)、巴里·戈德华特(Barry Goldwater)与里根(Ronald Reagan)。属于汉密尔顿流派的也有乔治·华盛顿(George Washington)、亨利·克莱(Henry Clay)、林肯(Abraham Lincoln)、威廉·麦金利(William McKinley)，老、小罗斯福（西奥多·罗斯福、富兰克林·罗斯福）与艾森豪威尔(Dwight Eisenhower)。 Michael Lind’s “Land of Promise” uses this divide to offer an ambitious economic history of the United States. The book is rich with details, more than a few of them surprising, and its subject is central