OPEN-LOOPCONTROLSYSTEM.pptVIP

THE INTRODUCTION OF AUTOMATIC PROCESS CONTROL Xining Ye * GOAL: Maintaining process variables (temperatures, pressures, flows, compositions, levels) at a desired operating value. Processes are dynamic in nature, and changes are always occurring. The important variables those related to safety, product quality, and production rates will not achieve design conditions. POINTS: 1.1 PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM 1.2 IMPORTANT TERMS 1.3 TYPES OF CONTROL SYSTEMS 1.4 CONTROL STRATEGIES 1.5 SUMMARY 1.1 PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM Manual process control Automatic process control 1.1 PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM Figure 1-1 Heat exchanger The purpose of this unit: To heat the process fluid from some inlet temperature, Ti(t), up to a desired outlet temperature, T(t). Figure 1-1 Heat exchanger In this process many variables can change, causing the outlet temperature to deviate from its desired value. If this happens, some action must be taken to correct for this deviation. Manual process control (1) Measure the temperature T(t); (2) Compare it to its desired value (3) Based on this comparison, decide what to do to correct for any deviation. The steam valve can be manipulated to correct for the deviation. How it works? If the outlet temperature T(t) is above its desired value, the steam valve can be throttled back to cut the steam flow(energy) to the heat exchanger; If the outlet temperature T(t) is below its desired value, the steam valve could be opened more to increase the steam flow to the heat exchanger. Disadvantages of manual process control (1) The operator should look at the temperature frequently to take corrective action whenever it deviates its desired value. (2) Different operators would make different decisions as to how to move the steam valve, resulting in inconsistent operation. (3) This corrective procedure would require a large number of operators. So, We would like to accomplish this control automatically. Without requiring intervention from the operator. Automatic