(词汇学)Word Formation[精].pptVIP

Lexicology Ⅰ. Word Formation There are three major processes of word formation: derivation, compounding and conversion. (Ⅰ). Derivation: （派生） Derivation or affixation is generally defined as a word-formation process by which new words are created by adding a prefix, or suffix, or both, to the base. Prefixes: The major living prefixes are classified into the following eight categories by their meaning. 1. “negative”prefixes (un-, non-, in-, dis-, a-, ) eg: unkind (adj), untie (v), non-person (n), non-restrictive (adj), inability (n), incomplete (adj), impossible (adj), disadvantage (n), dislike (v), asexual (adj), abnormal (adj), abuse(v) 2. “reversative”prefixes (un-, de-, dis-, ) eg: uncover (v), unearth (v), uncomfortable (adj), unlike (prep), deform (v), degrade (v), discover (v), discourage (v), dislike (v), 3. “pejorative”prefixes (mis-, mal-, pseudo-, ) eg: mistake (v), misunderstand (v), misfortune (n), maladjustment (n), malformation (n), maladminister (v), pseudo-science (n), pseudoclassic (a), 4. “degree or size”prefixes (arch-, super-, out-, sub-, over-, under-, hyper-, ultra-, mini-, ) eg: archbishop (n), arch-criminal (n), archenemy (n), supermarket (n), superpower (n), superfine (adj) outdo (v), outlive (v), outgo (v), subeditor (n), subdivide (v), subtitle (n), overdo (v), overbuy (v), overestimate (v), hypersonic (a), hypersensitive (a), hypertension (n), ultra-democracy (n), ultrarapid (a), ultrared (a), minibus (n), miniskirt (n), minigun (n), 5. “attitude”prefixes (co-, counter-, anti-, pro-, )