《高中英语二轮复习动词和动词词组详讲.docVIP

专题五 动词和动词短语 【知识要点】 一．动词 动词是英语中的重要词类之一,也是高考英语中的一个考查热点?它是英语语言综合运用中的灵魂,没有动词的句子,就不是完整的句子可以将动词进行分类学习? 一?在句子中否定词前移的动词类 在主从复合句中,若主句的主语为第一人称,这类动词后面接含否定意义的宾语从句时,要把从句的否定词转移到主句中去?这类动词有等?例如: To tell you the truth, I dont suppose he can give you any help in such a short time, ? A. do I B. cant he C. can he D. dont you 在回答对方提问时,这类动词的常用句式为“I expect so/not”?例如: —We dont believe we can make such an attempt, can we? —I expect not. 二?计划未能实现的动词类 此类动词常用过去完成时,其后接动词不定式作宾语,或用于一般过去时,其后接不定式的完成式表示虚拟语气,或表达原来的计划未能实现?这类动词有等?例如: I had meant to tell you about it yesterday, but the snowstorm prevented me. They hoped to have stayed there a week, but the word came. I had to come back. 三?表示将来时间的动词类 这类动词常用一般现在时?现在进行时表示将来时间?它们有等?例如: Your plane takes off at a quarter past two in the afternoon. 四?表示“据说”意义的动词类 此类动词常用过去分词形式,表示“”等意思?常见句式为“”?这类动词有等?注意: order, suggest, request后面的that从句中常用虚拟语气,也可省略should, 直接用动词原形来表示?例如: It is ordered that this design (should) be given up as quickly as possible. It is announced that two teams will have a game in our school. 五?使用替代词的动词类 此类动词后面常接so/not作宾语,以此回答或代替前面的句子或主从复合句中的从句及谓语动词?这类动词有等?例如: —Will it rain this weekend? —I expect so/not. 六?混合使用在被动结构中的动词类 此类动词常用“动词be + 过去分词”结构,这种结构既表示被动意义,又表示一种状态?常见的这种结构有等?例如: These years they have been engaged in building the Three Gorges. You are supposed to send for a doctor immediately. 七?能带同源宾语的动词类 有些不及物动词后面可以接词源相同的名词作宾语,即同源宾语?这一名词前面往往有一个修饰语或另一个名词的所有格?这类动词有等?例如: He died a heroic death. He smiled a forced smile. Then they lived a dogs life. The lady laughed a hearty laugh. 八?瞬间动词类 瞬间动词(又叫终止性动词)表示动作不能延续,在肯定句中不能与表达一段时间的状语连用?这类动词有等?比较: They have become friends since they met in Shanghai. (错误) They have been friends since they met in Shanghai. (正确) My grandfather has died for ten years. (错误) My grandfather has been dead for ten years. (正确) 九?带介词to的动词词组类 这类动词词组有lead to(), stick to( ), refer to(提及), look to(盼望), to(属于), object to(反对), be/get used to(习惯于), be accustomed to(), adjust to(适应), ada