lesson6 materias[精].pptVIP

河南城建学院专业英语课程 专业英语 河南城建学院专业英语课程 授课教师：胡继勇 化学与化学工程系 Unit 1 Basic knowledge of chemistry Lesson one; lesson two; Lesson 3; lesson 4 Unit 2 Fundamental principle of chemical engineering lesson 5--lesson 8. Unit 3 Chemical industry and technology Lesson 9--lesson 12. Unit 4 Related knowledge Lesson 13-- lesson 16. Unit 5 The chemical product and its determination Lesson 17—lesson 18 Separating Mixtures The basic strategies are(i) phase conversion, convert components of the mixture into other forms that are easy to isolate;(ii) phase transfer, add a new phase that collects some components from the mixture, but not others. 分离混合物 这些基本的策略是（1）相变化，把一种混合物的组分转变成另一种形式使其容易分离；（2）相转移，增加混合物中的一些成分的新相，而不是其他的混合物。 1.Adsorption and desorption (1)Some solids bind gases and organic materials to their surface, removing them from mixtures. (2)Adsorbed gases or liquids can be recovered from the adsorbent material by washing with a solvent. 1.吸附和脱吸 （1）一些固体结合气体和有机材料到它们的表面，从混合物中除去他们。 （2）吸附的气体或液体能够通过用溶剂清洗从吸附材料中回收。 For example: activated charcoal absorbs many gases and liquids-is used as “universal antidote” for poisoning, used in water purifiers(removes particulates, lead, copper, mercury, chlorine, hypochlorite, organics), and used to absorb drugs from the blood or overdose victims; silica gel (SiO2) absorbs moisture from air。 例如：活性炭吸收许多气体和液体，被用作“万能解毒剂”，在净化水时使用（去除微粒，铅，铜，汞，氯，次氯酸盐，有机物），和被用来吸收有用量过量而死亡者血液的毒物；硅胶（二氧化硅）从空气中吸收湿气。 2.Condensation Cooling a vapor causes components with the highest boiling points to condense as liquids first. For example: separating wafer vapor from air; separating oxygen and nitrogen from air. 2.冷凝 冷却蒸汽首先引起高沸点成分凝结为液体。 例如：从空气中分离晶圆蒸汽；从空气中分离氧气和氮气。 3.Dialysis A semi-permeable membrane allows some components in a mixture through, but not others. (2)How does the membrane distinguish components? 1. Some membranes act as a “molecular sieve” that discriminates between large and small mo