《优》Discourse Analysis and Speech Application 语篇分析与其在演讲中的应用.docVIP

Discourse Analysis and Speech Application 语篇分析与其在演讲中的应用 1，语篇结构与语境的关系 语篇的应用离不开上下文（linguistic context, co-text）,它可以指语篇的周围情况，事件的性质，参与者的关系，时间，地点，方式等，即情景语境。它可以指说话人所在的言语社团的人一般能够理解的历史文化风土人情，属该社团的人一般能够理解其在语篇中的意义，可称之为“文化语境”（cultural context）(胡壮麟 , 1994)。 不管是“ 上下文 ” 语境 ,还是“ 情景语境 ” 或“ 文化语境“,它们对正确理解语篇的意义和交际意图都有极大的帮助。I Have a Dream by Martin Luther King, Jr. ?Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity. [2] Gettysburg Address by Abraham Lincoln Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives to that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. （From the two speech paragraph which regarded as the two most successful and were quoted most frequently, we can concluded that both were concise in language and simple vocabulary and do not shadowed their powerful effect is for the reason that they concurred in the special period during the American history. Gave the speech to the public in that sensitive and difficult period always help the speaker an exclusive supports from the listeners for they are easy to be persuaded.）The speaker 2 .语篇结构分析(1)主位结构。在系统功能语法中 ,一个主位结构是由主位 ( theme)和术位 ( rhyme)两部分构成 ,主位和术位指的是分句在组织信息时形成的结构。主位是说话人传递信息的起点 ,是分句中首先出现的对象。这个起点不是凭空产生的 ,它或者从语境中获得启示 ,或者在语篇的前面部分已经出现过 ,说话人因势利导而已 (胡壮麟 , 1994)。一旦主位确定 ,其余的部分便是术位 ,是围绕主位逐步展开的内容 ,是新信息 ,是分句的核心。he Commencement address by Steve Jobs I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from colleg