2.研究單摆的振动规律并测定重力加速度.docxVIP

研究单摆的振动并测定重力加速度实验仪器：几个大小不同的小球，秒表，刻度尺，游标卡尺，细线若干，铁架台，计算机，计算机辅助实验系统等。研究单摆的振动规律摆长、质量、摆角与周期的关系（控制变量法）：摆长L(m)质量m(kg)摆角θ(度)周期T(s)（50次全振动的平均值）10.0252.0010.0231.9710.0151.990.50.0251.400.250.0251.03计算结果与理论相符。用单摆测定当地的重力加速度单摆在偏角很小时，振动周期跟偏角的大小和摆球的质量无关。摆长为1米，周期结果为：次数123周期T(s) 1.971.921.96带入得g9.81m/s2利用计算机辅助实验系统探究单摆的振动规律简谐振动的图象实验所得图像如图4：图 4 单摆的简谐运动图像现象：由图4可看出单摆的摆动是简谐运动。解释：因大头针与粗铜线间的电压变化对应了摆球相对平衡位置之间的处于变化中的位移，故系统所测量的电压变化曲线即可看做对摆球位移的直观描述。但因大头针在水中受到一定的阻尼，因此系统所测电压是逐渐减小的，即单摆其实做的是微小的阻尼运动。单摆振动的等时性验证表 4 等时性验证数据采样时间单摆周期2.60331.30173.9051.30185.20681.30116.50791.30127.80911.3019.11011.300110.41021.301211.71141.301213.01261.30114.31361.30115.61461.300816.91541.301118.21651.30119.51751.300820.81831.300922.11921.300723.41991.300924.72081.300826.02161.300527.32211.300428.62251.3006根据表4的数据作出等时性验证的图像如图5：由表4的数据和图5可以验证单摆振动的等时性。解释：，单摆的周期只与其摆长有关，与振幅、摆球质量等其它因素无关，实验中摆长基本稳定，所以单摆的周期基本不变。探究单摆的振动周期与哪些因素有关实验数据如表5所示：由表5所示数据可验证单摆的周期只与其摆长有关，与振幅、摆球质量无关，即单摆周期公式（为摆长，为重力加速度）中，同一地点的只和有关。表 5 改变单摆的摆长、振幅、摆球质量后分别与先前对比周期原始值改变摆长后1.30172.34121.30182.34211.30112.34151.30122.33961.3012.3421.30012.34031.30122.33971.30122.33991.3012.33951.3012.33911.30082.33891.30112.33871.3012.33871.30082.33831.30092.33771.30072.33771.30092.33671.30082.33721.30052.33721.30042.33661.30062.3367周期原始值改变振幅后1.30171.30431.30181.30061.30111.30121.30121.30191.3011.30011.30011.30221.30121.30141.30121.30071.3011.30191.3011.30071.30081.30151.30111.3011.3011.30041.30081.30121.30091.3011.30071.30151.30091.3011.30081.30091.30051.30091.30041.30071.30061.3009周期原始值改变质量后1.30171.29611.30181.29591.30111.29631.30121.29611.3011.29561.30011.29571.30121.29611.30121.29561.3011.2961.3011.29591.30081.29561.30111.2961.3011.29561.30081.29541.30091.29561.30071.29561.30091.2951.30081.29531.30051.29541.30041.2951.30061.2951单摆法测重力加速度重复实验2三次得到周期的数据，处理如表6所示：表 6单摆法测重力加速度数据处理实验组序123T11.3011.30191.296T 21.3011.30071.2959T 31.30081.30151.2956T 41.30111.3011.296T 51.3011.30041.2956T 61.30081.30121.2954T 71.30091.3011.2956T 81.30071.30151.2956T 91.30091.3011.295T 101.30081.30091.29