costa：Introduction To Metal Toxicity).pptVIP

Pb Toxicity Leaded gasoline, paint, pb pipes Pb affects nervous system, Heam biosynthesis and Kidney Children are at high risk Poor blood brain barrier Absorb 30-40% of ingested Pb ( PbCa) Decreased iq tests at very low levels of Pb 10-20ug/dL Nervous system affectsAdults Adult have well developed BB barrier absorb 7% of ingested Pb and it affects primarily the periferal nervous system Destroys myelin coating on nerves ( insulation like a wire) affects the conduction velocity of nerves( segmental demyelination, widening of nodes of ranvier) Nervous system effects in Children Inorganic Pb goes to the CNS and decreases IQ test scores and other subtle effects. Children absorb more Pb because of Ca and growth phase Most important effects on CNS and they occur at low levels in children( why Pb was banned from gasoline) Effect On Heam Biosynthesis ALA dehydratase is the rate Limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of Haem Enzyme has Fe binding site and it is very sensitive to inhibition by Pb Inhibition by Pb results in porphyrin buildup in the blood and in the urine ( depending upon the degree of inhibition urine may be brown or black) Inhibition of ALA dehydatase may be used as a biomarker of Pb exposure Renal effects of Pb Usually in adults results in a fanconi syndrome and leakage of phosphate and other nutrients in the urine Effects are reversible if stop Pb exposure as are the effects of Pb on nerve conduction and Heam biosynthesis Blood levels and toxicity Pb blood levels indicate relatively recent exposure ( range from 1-20 ug/dL, with 20 dangerous for children, 50 adult toxicity) Pb redistributes to the bone and behaves Like Ca ( Ca and phosphate mobilization can mobilize Pb, results in episodes of toxicity) Half life of Pb in bone maybe 10 years and can cause formation of pb lines in bones Treatment of Pb Poisoning Treat symptoms and try to lower Pb levels in blood and urine. Renal. Nueral and Haem effects are reversible Chelating agents EDTA ( iv) DMCA ( o