[跨流域向黄河调水的必要性与方案.docVIP

跨流域向黄河调水的必要性与方案 张玫 杨慧娟 陈红莉 摘要:黄河流域及邻近地区在国家能源安全、生态安全、粮食安全和城镇化发展进程中均具有重要地位，但水资源短缺是区域发展的最大制约瓶颈，南水北调西线工程是国家“四横三纵”水资源配置格局的主要组成部分，对缓解黄河流域缺水问题、保障流域供水安全具有重要作用。从缓解黄河水资源供需矛盾、维护河流健康、改善生态环境等方面论述了跨流域向黄河调水的必要性，分析了各调水方案的特点，以及西线一期工程的优越性，从保障区域供水安全、能源安全、城镇化进程、粮食安全、生态安全等方面，论证了西线一期工程建设的紧迫性。 关键词: 跨流域调水; 水资源; 南水北调西线工程; 黄河流域 中图分类号: TV68 文献标志码:A Necessary and Precept of Inter-Basin Water Diversion to the Yellow River ZHANG Mei1，YANG Hui-juan2，CHEN Hong-li1 Abstract: The Yellow River basin and its adjacent areas play an important position in the national energy security，ecological security，food security and the process of urbanization，but the shortage of water resources is the biggest bottleneck restricting for regional development．The West-Route of the South to North Water Transfer Project is an main component of national four transverse and three lengthways water resources allocation pattern，plays an important role in reducing the conflict between water supply and demand and ensuring the water supply security． The necessity from inter-basin water transfer to the Yellow River was discussed by several aspects，such as reducing the conflict between water supply and demand， maintaining river health，and improving the ecological environment etc．，the characteristics of the water diversion schemes，as well as the advantages of the first stage of the West-Route Project was analyzed，then the urgency of the construction for first stage of the West-Route Project is demonstrated in such aspects of regional water supply security，energy security，the urbanization process，food security and ecological security． Key words: inter-basin water transfer; water resources; West-Route of the South to North Water Transfer Project; Yellow River basin 黄河流域土地、矿产、能源资源丰富，是我国重要的能源重化工基地和粮食基地，在支撑我国经济社会可持续发展中具有举足轻重的战略地位。“水少、沙多，水沙关系不协调”的自然特性决定了黄河有限的水资源承载能力。在水资源总量严重不足的情况下，黄河还要向河南、山东、山西、甘肃的流域外地区以及河北、天津供水约100 亿m3 ，加剧了水资源短缺［1］。 1 实施跨流域向黄河调水的必要性 (1)跨流域调水是解决黄河水资源供需矛盾、支撑经济社会可持续发展的需要。黄河是我国西北、华北地区重要水源，目前地表水耗水率已达到72%，水资源开发利用程度已大大超出了黄河水资