重复与替换讲座.pptVIP

2.2 Omission 省略 Like substitution, omission is another important device for avoiding repetition in English. It is sometimes called zero-substitution.(零位替代) Thales thought water was the beginning of everything; Anaximenes, Ф air; Heraclitus, Ф fire. Reading exercises one’s eyes; speaking, Ф one’s tongue; while writing, Ф one’s mind. 2.3 Variation 变换 English often uses synonyms同义词, general words 概括词, or specific words 下属词 to avoid repetition John has bought himself a new Ford. He practically lives in the car. A: The machine broke. B: Where did you buy the old thing, anyway? A: I bought it at the discount house. B: Then toss the stuff out. The monkey’s most extraordinary accomplishments was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine, the monkey had learned to solo on the vehicle. A Summary Rhetorical repetition in English Chinese Normal and abundant Grammatical repetition Repetition in balance Other repetition English Abnormal and to be avoided : Substitution Omission Variation Rhetorical repetition in Chinese ≥ ≠ 3 Implication for C-E Translation 3.1 Repetition as a rhetorical device is employed in both C and E, but more frequently in the former than in the latter. Thus rhetorical repetition in C, when possible, should be retained in English. But know that we sometimes can not retain part or all the repetition. 3.2 Chinese repetition other than the rhetorical should be avoided in its English translation through Substitution Omission Variation 3.1 Implication for Rhetorical R. Silence, silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence. (3 times) 沉默阿，沉默阿！不在沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。 我为人人，人人为我。 One for all and all for all. 在我的后园，可以看见墙外有两株树，一株是枣树，另一株也是枣树。 Behind the wall of my backyard, you can see two trees. One is a date tree, the other is also a date tree. 寻寻觅觅 冷冷清清 凄凄惨惨戚戚 ——李清照 《声声慢》 So dim, so dark, So dense, so dull, So damp, so dank, So dead! ——林语堂 I seek but seek in vain I searc