201的1年研究生入学考试英语模拟试题.docVIP

2005年研究生入学考试模拟试题 Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The 1 of a nations power over its coastal ecosystems and the natural resources in its coastal waters has been defined by two international law doctrines: freedom of the seas and adjacent state sovereignty. Until the 2 century, most nations favored application of broad open-seas freedoms and limited sovereign rights 3 coastal waters. A nation had the right to include within its 4 only a very narrow band of coastal waters (generally extending three miles from the shoreline), within which it had the authority but not the responsibility, to regulate all activities. But because this area of territorial dominion was so limited, most nations did not establish rules for management 5 protection of their territorial waters.  Regardless of whether or not nations enforced regulations in their 6 . Large ocean areas remained free of controls or restrictions. The citizens of all nations had the right to use these 7 ocean areas for any innocent purpose including navigation and fishing. Except for controls over its own citizens, no nation had the responsibility, let alone the unilateral authority, to control such activities in international waters. And, since there were 8 standards of conduct that applied on the open seas, there were few jurisdictional conflicts 9 nations.  The lack of standards is 10 to popular perceptions held before the middle of this century. By and large, marine pollution was not perceived as a significant problem in part because the adverse effect of coastal activities on ocean ecosystems was not widely recognized, and pollution caused by human activities was generally believed to be limited to that caused by 12 . 13 , the freedom to fish, or over fish, was an essential element of the traditional legal doctrine of freedom of the seas