寻找主题句参考资料.docVIP

如何获取文章主旨大意 阅读不是被动地去看所有的文字材料，而是要一边阅读一边进行信息加工。在大量的阅读材料中如何快速准确的获取主旨大意是一项最重要的阅读技能。 任何作者在写文章时必然有其目的和思路。英文文章，尤其是说明文和论述文，往往要求每一段落有主题句(Topic sentence)。它一般是一句具有高度概括性、简短的肯定句，段落中的其他句子则是围绕主题句来进行说明、解释、证实或扩展。 我们来看一个例子： Americans make no distinction in greeting friends, acquaintances, elders, or superiors. When Americans see someone they know only by sight, they are likely to say Hi in all cases. This does not mean that they have no more regard for friends than for casual acquaintances. It only means that Hi serves as greeting for both. 本段中第一句概括了全段意思，是该段的主题句，其他句子都是围绕这个主题句的意义加以阐明、补充和发挥。需要说明的是：主题句可能出现在段落的第一句，最后一句，也可能出现在段中。 当然，不是所有的文章每段都有主题句，但这并不表明段落或文章没有主题。这种情况下，我们只能在理解作者所给出事实的基础上推理这些事实的共同指向，总结出作者暗示的主旨。在阅读时，我们要养成习惯注意寻找或是总结出每个段落的主题句，这将有助于我们把握文章整体脉络、获取文章核心内容。 我们来看看是否能够找到下面一篇论述文每个段落的主题句。 I believe that we all accept the principle that an affluent society must do what it can to prevent hunger and misery, and also to provide equality of opportunity to those who have been denied it. But how far can a society go in the redistribution of wealth without changing the very nature of society? I think this is a problem that we’ve got to face. I do not think that a majority in Congress are trying to face it, or realize that it is a problem, because so many of them are still hard at work at this business of redistributing income. 首句以I believe开始，看似一个表明作者观点的主题句，但其后出现信号词But引导的第二句话。一般情况下，这种文章是以退为进，下面将要出现的才是作者想要表达的要点。但随后几句话是疑问句、否定句，作者并没有明确表明自己的态度，只是提出问题，所以本段中But how far can a society go in the redistribution of wealth without changing the very nature of society?可算作主题句。这里整个第一段都是作者的介绍段落(lead-in)，我们可以推断作者将在以下段落中就该话题进行论述。 All that reminds me of what happened in the universities during the 1960s and 1970s—events that I witnessed from a ringside seat. During this period we had a fashion of giving A’s to every student—there were no failures. The effect on academic life was devastating. When illiterate or lazy students could get an average, good students stopped studying. The rest was a profound