timers解析.ppt

Timers and Clocks Time.h Timing a function (Example 1) Time struct tm *localtime(const time_t *timer); Takes time since epoch, returns date struct tm *gmtime(const time_t *timer); Takes time since epoch, returns UTC char *asctime(const struct tm *timeptr); 26 byte date string in ascii char *ctime(const time_t *clock); 26 byte date string in ascii Example 2 What value should the ctime argument point to for the resulting string to be: Mon May 3 14:33:20 1976 POSIX XSI Measure running time using gettimeofday (Example 3) Measure running time using gettimeofday Gettimeofday limitations Resolution small number of microsecs Many consecutive calls of get? Will return same value A program to test the resolution of gettimeofday (Example 4) A program to test the resolution of gettimeofday Realtime clocks Elapsed time versus processor time Sleep Functions (Example 6) Nanosleep POSIX:XSI Interval Timers Generates a signal after a time interval repeatedly – periodic POSIX:XSI Interval Timers Generates a signal after a time interval repeatedly – periodic Interval Timers Interval Timers Set an Alarm to send a signal Set a signal handler to do something with the signal POSIX:XSI extension provides each process a small fixed number of timers. POSIX:TMR has a small number of clocks, but a process can create many independent timers XSI Interval Timers ITIMER_REAL - decrements in real time; generates SIGALRM when it expires ITIMER_VIRTUAL - virtual time; SIGVTALRM ITIMER_PROF – virtual system time; SIGPROF Copyright ?: Nahrstedt, Angrave, Abdelzaher Copyright ?: Nahrstedt, Angrave, Abdelzaher #include time.h time_t time(time_t *calptr); Epoch: 00:00 (midnight), Jan 1, 1970 GMT Day is 86,400 seconds time_t is usually a long UNIX “Y2K” Problem: If the long is 32 bits, when will time overflow? Extensions POSIX:XSI microseconds POSIX:TMR nanoseconds #include stdio.h #include time.h void function_to_time(void); int main(void) { time_t tstart; tstart = time