腹部Abdomen汇总.ppt

Abdominal wall 山东大学医学院 解剖教研室 李振华 Anterior wall Layers ( from superficial to deep) Skin Superficial fascia Anterolateral muscles Transversalis fascia 腹横筋膜 Extraperitoneal fascia 腹膜外筋膜 Parietal peritoneum 壁腹膜 Superficial fascia－divisions below umbilicus Superficial fatty layer (Camper’s) Membranous layer (Scarpa’s) Muscles of abdomen Anterolateral group Obliquus externus absominis 腹外斜肌 Oblequus enternus abdominis腹内斜肌 Transversus abdominis腹横肌 Rectus abdominis 腹直肌 Posterior group Quadiatus lumborum 腰方肌 Psoas major 腰大肌 Obliquus externus absominis 腹外斜肌 General direction of fibers: downward, forward and medially (run down and inward) Structures Inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带 Lacunar ligament 腔隙韧带 Superficial inguinal ring 腹股沟浅环 －triangular-shaped defect in aponeurosis of obliquus externus abdominis above pubic tubercle Obliquus internus abdominis 腹内斜肌 Deep to obliquus externus abdominis General direction of fibres: upwards, forwards and medially Transversels abdominis 腹横肌 Deep to obliquus internus Inguinal falx 腹股沟镰: arch over spermatic cord, inserted with transverses abdominis fiber into medial part of pecten of pubis Cremaster 提睾肌: around the spermatic cord and testis Rectus abdominis 腹直肌 Position: lie on to either of midline Origin: pubic crest and symphysis Insertion: xiphoid and 5th-7th costal cartilages Has 3-4 tendinous intersections 腱划 linea semiluaris 半月线 Similar functions for above four pairs of muscles Support and compress the abdominal viscera Increase intra-abdominal pressure, aid in expulsive efforts-vomiting, coughing, sneezing, defecation, urination and childbirth. Depress ribs, assist in (the act of force(4)expiration. Flex, lateral flex, and rotate vertebral column Sheath of rectus abdominis 腹直肌鞘 Ant layer－formed by fusion of aponeurosis of obliquus externus abdominis and anterior leaf of aponeurosis of obliquus internus abdominis Post layer Formed by fusion of posterion leaf of ap