大连交通大信息工程学院.docVIP

大连交通大学信息工程学院 毕业设计(论文)外文翻译 学生姓名 王 慧 专业班级 自动化07-1 指导教师 郑士富 职 称　 副教授 所在单位 电气工程系 　 教学部主任 　 魏庆涛 完成日期 2008年4月11日 Fundamentals of Single-chip Microcomputer and PLC The single-chip microcomputer is the culmination of both the development of the digital computer and the integrated circuit arguably the tow most significant inventions of the 20th century [1]. These tow types of architecture are found in single-chip microcomputer. Some employ the split program/data memory of the Harvard architecture, shown in Fig.3-5A-1, others follow the philosophy, widely adapted for general-purpose computers and microprocessors, of making no logical distinction between program and data memory as in the Princeton architecture, shown in Fig.3-5A-2. In general terms a single-chip microcomputer is characterized by the incorporation of all the units of a computer into a single device, as shown in Fig3-5A-3. Programmemory Program memory InputOutputunit Input Output unit CPU CPU Datamemory Data memory Fig.3-5A-1 A Harvard type InputOutput Input Output unit memoryCPU memory CPU Fig.3-5A-2. A conventional Princeton computer Timer/Counter Systemclock Timer/ Counter System clock External Timing components Serial I/O Serial I/O ROM Reset ROM Prarallel I/O Prarallel I/O RAM Interrupts RAM CPU CPU Power Fig3-5A-3. Principal features of a microcomputer Read only memory (ROM): ROM is usually for the permanent, non-volatile storage of an applications program .Many microcomputers and microcontrollers are intended for high-volume applications and hence the economical manufacture of the devices requires that the contents of the program memory be committed permanently during the manufacture of chips . Clearly, this implies a rigorous approach to ROM code development since changes cannot be made after manufacture .This development process may involve emulation using a sophisticated development system with a hardware e