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COTS-Based Systems* COTS: Attraction and Motivation What is COTS? A COTS product is a product sold, leased, or licensed to the general public offered by a vendor trying to profit from it supported and evolved by the vendor, who retains the intellectual property rights available in multiple, identical copies used without modification of the internals COTS-Based Systems (CBS) Spectrum One substantial product (suite) that is tailored to provide significant system functionality What Makes CBS Challenging? What Makes CBS Challenging? (continued) CBS Fundamental Process Changes Keys to CBS Success Make COTS-Based System Tradeoffs Think More Like a Business Establish Evolution as a Way of Life Change the Culture Keys to CBS Success Make COTS-Based System Tradeoffs Reconcile Products and User Operations Leverage the Marketplace Engineer an Evolvable Architecture Make Tradeoffs Simultaneously Avoid COTS Modification Think More Like a Business Establish Evolution as a Way of Life Change the Culture User Operations/Product Mismatch Actions Executive support: facilitate negotiation to reconcile mismatch between products and end-user processes Program Manager actions: identify end-user processes and product mismatches early involve end-users and other stakeholders early negotiate system context and product tradeoffs use domain experts and consultants from the COTS products’ suppliers use prototypes and pilots to gain product insight Marketplace Actions Program Manager actions: participate in user and industry groups maintain government and contractor marketplace knowledge keep current with the marketplace evaluate products and suppliers use testbeds/prototypes throughout the life cycle allocate sufficient resources for marketplace activities Executive support: establish an information sharing structure marketplace watch groups organization-wide testbeds example evaluation criteria and plans technology refresh guidelines Evolvable Architecture Actions