译意义归化异化.pptVIP

Two Pairs of Major Translation Terms Literal translation -- Liberal translation Foreignization -- Domestication 1. Shoppers would never be more than a mouse-click from the best deals. 2. It wasn’t that long ago the Europe---home of fine leather shoes---exiled sneakers to school gyms and tennis court. 译文1：购物者离最好的交易再也不会超过点击一下鼠标的距离。 译文2：就在不那么久以前，欧洲这一精致皮鞋的故乡还一度把旅游鞋驱逐到学校体育馆和网球场。 译文1：购物者离最好的交易再也不会超过点击一下鼠标的距离。 译文2：购物者只需点击一下鼠标即可做成一笔最好的交易。 译文1：就在不那么久以前，欧洲这一精致皮鞋的故乡还一度把旅游鞋驱逐到学校体育馆和网球场。 译文2：不久以前，就在欧洲－－这一公认是精致皮鞋的故乡之地－－人们认为只有在学校体育馆和网球场才可以穿用旅游鞋。 Literal translation is where the forms of the original are retained as much as possible, even if those forms are not the most natural forms to preserve the original meaning. Literal translation is sometimes called word-for-word translation (as opposed to thought-for-thought translation). A more accurate, but less well-known, label for this approach is formal equivalence translation. Because literal translation focuses on forms of language, it sometimes misses some of the meaning of those forms, since meaning is found not only in the forms of individual words, but also in relationships among words, phrases, idiomatic uses of words, and influences of speaker-hearer, cultural, and historical contexts. Words often have different meanings in different contexts, but a literal translation often does not account for these differences. So literal translation often is not the most accurate form of translation. 直译：人们关心的是语言层面的技术处理问题，即如何在保持原语形式的同时，不让其意义失真； 意译：人们认为语言有不同的文化内涵和表达形式，当形式成为翻译的障碍时，就要采取意译。 能直译便直译，不能直译就意译。 直译－死译 意译－乱译 直意之争： “凡是翻译，必须兼顾两面，一当然力求其易解，一则保持原作的丰姿。” 宁信而不顺：要输入新的表现法，所以要容忍“多少的不顺”。 鲁迅《且介亭杂文二集 “题未定草” 》 神似论(godlikeness)：以效果而论，翻译应当象临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。 傅雷《高老头》译序 化境论(fairy)：把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原作的风味，那就算得入于化境。 钱钟书 《林纾的翻译》 在具体的翻译中,直译和意译是不可分割的。如果一味追求直译，力求每一个词，每一句话都按原文的意思来翻译，会造成令人不解的译文。 原则：能直译就直译，不能直译就意译 在翻译中，什么时候用直译，什么时候