6自由度机械臂控制系统设计（软件）毕业论文.doc

本科毕业论文（设计） ( 2014 届) 6自由度机械臂控制系统设计（软件） 院 系 电子信息工程学院 专 业 电子信息工程 姓 名 许克伟 指导教师 范程华 讲师 2014年4月 摘 要 本文设计了一种以STC89C52单片机为主控元件的六自由度机械臂抓取系统。文中给出了系统的硬件设计方案以及各个功能原理图，同时给出了软件系统设计方法。系统实现了自动寻找目标并自动实施抓取目标且可通过PC上位机实时显示和控制机械手臂的功能，并能实现自动探测手臂与目标之间距离。在设计时，由于需要测量的距离范围从几厘米到几十厘米，针对超声波在传播时振幅呈指数衰减的特性，为了最大限度地提高驱动能力，采用对回波进行多级放大，以达到了设计要求，由于各个模块供电要求不同，电源电路模块通过稳压芯片输出7.2V、5V和3.3V电压。软件主要分为超声波距离测量模块和无线通信模块、数据处理模块这三大模块。软件的这种“自顶向下”的模块化软件编程方法，能使软件的结构更清晰，并有利于软件的调试和修改。经过调试，达到能够实现自动抓取目标和手动控制抓取目标功能。 关键词：超声波；VB上位机；六自由度机械手臂；STC89C52 Abstract This paper designs a mechanical arm whose main control component is STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer and based on the six degrees of freedom to control scraping system. Hardware design scheme of the system and each functional machine schematic diagram are also given in this paper , software program design method is given at the same time, the system realizes the automatic searching target and the implementation of automatic grab and real-time display by PC ,and realizes the function of controlling mechanical arm, and can realize to automatically detect the distance between the arm and target, then implement real-time display on the upper machine. .When designing, due to the distance need to measure ranges from several centimeters to tens of centimeters, aiming at the characteristics of ultrasonic wave amplitude decay exponentially in transmission, in order to develop the drive ability maximally, the echo multistage amplifier is be adopted. Due to the different requirements for each module power supply, in order to achieve the design requirements, power supply circuit module output voltage 7.2V, 5V and 3.3V through the voltage regulator chip. The software is mainly divided into three modules : the ultrasonic distance measuring module and wireless communication module, data processing module. The top-down modular softwar