中级财会CashandReceivables现金及应收账款要点.ppt

Chapter 2 Cash and Receivables 第二章 现金及应收款 Part A Cash and Cash Equivalents In this part, we are going to learn: Cash Cash equivalents Cash Cash includes currency and coins, balances in checking accounts, and items acceptable for deposit in these accounts. 现金包括纸币、硬币、银行支票存款账户的余额以及可以存入这些账户的款项。 Simply, “cash”=money hold in hand + money in the bank Cash Equivalents Cash Equivalents include money market funds, treasury bills, and commercial paper. 现金等价物包括货币市场基金、国库券和商业票据等。 The maturity date (到期日) for cash equivalents should be no longer than three months from the date of purchase. Part B Current Receivables 短期应收款 In this part, we are going to learn: The classification of “Receivables” Accounts receivable Notes receivable Receivables Receivables are a company’s claims to the future collection of cash, other assets or services. 应收款是企业在未来要求收取现金、其他资产或者服务的权利。 Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are coming from credit sale (赊销). Accounts receivable are supported by the customer’s credit and an invoice. Notes receivable are supported by the note and an invoice. Accounts receivable are classified as current assets, because their collection period (收款期) is usually less than one year. AR are recognized on the day when we deliver the goods/services. Initial Valuation of Accounts Receivable 应收账款的初始计量 Two parts will be discussed: Trade discounts Cash discounts Trade Discounts Trade Discounts: a percentage reduction from the list price that companies offer to their customers. (price reduction) 商业折扣：公司为顾客提供的、从零售价中扣减一定百分比的折扣。(价格扣减) Trade discounts are often offered to those customers who purchase goods/services in large quantity. In accounting, we use “net price” to record AR and sales revenue. Net price=full price – trade discount Trade Discounts Exp. A company sells a machine at a price of $2,500, but sells it to a customer at list less a 10% discount. (credit sale) Net price=full price-trade discount=$2,500-$2500×10%=$2,250 Dr. Accounts Receivable 2,250 Cr. S