英语短语复习
高考英语复习_高中英语语法学习笔记总结第一章 名词一 名词的单复数1. 少数名词仍然保留古旧的复数形式。child—children foot—feet goose—geese louse—lice mouse—miceman—men ox—oxen tooth—teeth woman—women2. 一些从希腊文或拉丁文借用来的名词仍然保留原来的复数形式。来自希腊文的名词有:analysis—analyses basis—bases crisis—crisescriterion—criteria diagnosis—diagnoses hypothesis—hypothesesphenomenon—phenomena synthesis—syntheses thesis—theses来自拉丁文的名词有:alga—algae appendix—appendices axis—axes bacterium—bacteriadatum—data formula—formulae medium—media nucleus—nucleiradius—radii stratum—strata syllabus—syllabi3. 复合名词变为复数时,通常是将其中的主体名词变为复数形式。boy friend—boy friends girl friend—girl friendseditor-in-chief—editors-in-chief filmgoer—filmgoerslooker-on—lookers-on passer-by—passers-byson-in-law—sons-in-law step-son—step-sonsticket collector—ticket collectors tooth-brush—tooth-brusheswasher woman—washer women watch repairer—watch repairers(1) 若复合名词中没有主体名词,则在最后一个词上加复数词尾。go-between—go-betweens ne’er-do-well—ne’er-do-wells(2) 个别复合名词中的两个构成部分都要变成复数形式。man servant—men servants gentleman farmer—gentlemen farmerswoman player—women players woman teacher—women teachers4. 物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词,通常只用单数形式。advice baggage bread clothing courage damageeducation equipment evidence furniture garbageinformation knowledge landscape laughter litterluggage machinery mankind money nonsensepopulation progress rubbish scenery traffictransport5. 当hair解作“头发的总称”时,属于不可数名词,不能用复数形式,也不能与冠词a连用;但是,hair也可以用作可数名词,a hair解作“一根头发”,hairs解作“多根头发”。a beard不指一根胡子,而指一个人的全部胡子;若指多个人的胡子,则用beards。6. 当表示不同类别或连绵不断的数量时,某些物质名词可以用复数形式。oils(各种油) fruits(各种水果) sands(沙滩) steels(各种钢)teas(各种茶) waters(大片的水) wools(各种羊毛)7. 抽象名词表示具体事物时可以使用复数形式。difficulties hopes cares ideas successes worries8. 不定冠词或数词不能直接与不可数名词连用。an article of clothing(一件衣服) a bottle of wine(一瓶葡萄酒)a cake of soap(一块肥皂) a piece of news(一则新闻)a piece of equipment(一台设备) a sheet of notepaper(一张信纸)a tube of tooth-paste(一管牙膏)9. 表示衣服或由两部分组成的一件东西的名词常用复数形式。glasses(=spectacles)(眼镜) pants(裤子) pliers(老虎钳)scissors(剪刀) tweezers(镊子) socks(短袜)stoc
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