第四章现代贸易理论.pptVIP

* ◆局部均衡分析 ●单个商品国际市场价格的形成 中国大米市场 国际大米市场 美国大米市场 S D 1.0 0.5 1.5 出口 进口 P Q Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. * ●贸易条件 ●贸易对本国进口行业商品价格、生产及消费的影响 进口行业：没有比较优势，在国际市场上不具有竞争能力的行业。 进口 Q P P1 P2 S D 国内同类产品价格下降，生产减少，消费增加。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. * ●贸易对本国出口行业商品价格、生产、的消费影响 出口产品价格上升，生产增加，国内消费减少。 ●单个商品市场上的贸易利益 通过个别商品市场生产、消费的变化来衡量贸易利益。通过消费者剩余、生产者剩余的概念来衡量。 Consumer’s Surplus:消费者购买产品时愿意支付（willingness to pay)超过实际支付的差额之和，度量消费者购买商品所获得的额外满足。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. * 中国出口大米所产生的利益变动 b a S D 生产者获利a＋b消费者损失a，纯利为b Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. * 中国进口钢铁所产生的利益变化 开放市场的结果是进口，从生产者角度，自由贸易使生产者剩余减少。 p s Q D c d S D 100 消费者从进口中获利c＋d生产者损失c，进口纯利为d Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. * 美国进口大米所产生的利益变化 中国无论出口大米或进口钢铁都有净利益，那么美国的进口是否是净损失呢？ S D e f D S 100 生产者损失e消费者获利e＋f，净收益为f Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 200