常用动词和动词短语用法.ppt

常见动词及动词短语的用法 一, 动词的基本形式1. 第三人称单数形式2. 过去式3. 过去分词4. 现在分词 二、 形状相似的动词的误用这类动词的误用主要是由于其拼法相同或相似,词根同或在不规则变化中因某些相似而引起.1. lie与lay的区别lie ---- lay ---- lain ---- lying躺 lie ---- lied ---- lied ---- lying说谎lay ---- laid ---- laid ---- laying放，搁 2. hang(悬挂)与hang(绞死,吊死)的区别hang ----hung ---- hung ---- hanging 悬挂hang ---- hanged ---- hanged ---- hanging绞死 3. rise与raiserise ---- rose ---- risen (vi.) raise ---- raised ---- raised (vt.) 4. experience(v. n. 经历 n. 经验)与experiment(n. v. 实验) 5. loose(松开,解开)与lose(丢失) 6. insist on(坚持)与stick to(坚持) 7. effect(n. 效果 v. 使有效)与affect(v. 影响),effort 三, 动词与其它词因词形相似而引起的误用常见的词有:accept ---- expert ---- except ---- expectadvise ---- advice practise ---- practice bath ---- bathe breath ---- breathechoose ---- choicepass ---- passed ---- past succeed ---- success ---- successful ---- successfully 四, 常用动词的词义与搭配 HAVE 1. have sth. done have sb. (sth.) doing have sb. do have sb. (sth.) done / doing … / do … 在否定句中have可表示允许,忍受,容忍. e.g. Well not have you tell him what to do.(不允许) They cant have that sort of thing happening.(容忍) Ive never had anything said against her.(不容忍)2. 表示有时带不定式做定语表将来,带分词做定语表正在进行【比较】He has a lot of work to do. (带to的不定式做定语,逻辑主语是句子主语,to do与work之间是动宾关系且不定式为及物动词或相当于及物动词(vi.+介)的主动式)Ill go to the post office; do you have a letter to be posted (post不是由句子主语执行,故用及物或相当于及物动词的被动式) MAKE 句型:make + 宾语,make + 双宾语,make + 宾语 + 名词,make + 宾语 + adj.,make + it + adj. / n. +to do sth. / that-clause,make sb. / sth. do, make sth. / oneself done 2. 短语:make an apology to …;make a face;make a living;make a mistake;make a speech(作演讲);make friends with;make fun of;make room for;make use of;make the best of(尽量利用,善用);make preparations for;make sentences with;make repairs;make great / rapid progress;make trouble(引起麻烦);make ones way(前进,行进);make up ones mind;make up(构成,弥补,虚构,打扮);make sure / certain;make a bed(铺床); make a decision;make a discovery;make a journey;make a plan for;make an effort(努力);make difference