乌鲁木齐市菜地土壤和蔬菜铅含量特征.doc

乌鲁木齐蔬菜基地铅含量及风险评价 摘 要：通过对乌鲁木齐市蔬菜基地和城乡菜地采集乌鲁木齐市菜地土壤铅含量范围和平均值分别为8.5748.57 mg/kg和25.4 mgkg，显著高于乌鲁木齐市农业灌溉土壤背景值，呈现明显的积累趋势；大棚菜地土壤铅含量明显低于裸露地土壤，城乡结合部菜地土壤铅含量明显高于蔬菜基地；乌鲁木齐市蔬菜铅含量范围1.016～0.007mgkg，平均值为0.346 mgkg。通过聚类分析比较，大蒜、莴笋、毛豆、空心菜属抗铅污染能力较弱种类，而黄瓜、西葫芦、辣椒、白萝卜、甜菜、韭菜、茄子、丝瓜、西红柿、苦瓜等属抗铅污染能力较强种类。运用健康风险评价模型对乌鲁木齐市居民蔬菜铅摄入量的健康风险进行评价，蔬菜铅所引起的健康危害个人年风险为1.604×10-7/a，蔬菜中铅不会对暴露人群构成明显的危害。 关键词：土壤；蔬菜；铅；健康风险；乌鲁木齐； 中图分类号： 文献标识码： 文章编号： Vegetable Plot in Urumqi City and Its Risk Evaluation Abstract: With determination of lead content in samples from Urumqi vegetable base and the scattered vegetable plots in suburb, the full lead content range and average of soil at Urumqi vegetable plots are 8.57～48.57 mg·kg–125.4 mg·kg–1 respectively, which are higher markedly than the background value of irrigated agricultural soil in Urumqi City with an evident accumulation trend; The full lead content in soil at greenhouse vegetable plots lower than that at bare land distinctively, and the full lead content at vegetable plots in suburb higher than that at vegetable base remarkably. Lead content in Urumqi vegetables ranges 1.016～0.007mg·kg–10.346 mg·kg–1. With cluster analysis and comparison, it is shown that the lead-pollution resistance of garlic, lettuce, young soya bean and swamp cabbage is relative low and that of cucumber, marrow squash, capsicum, white turnip, sugar beet, leek, eggplant, towel gourd, tomato and balsam pear is relative high. With health risk evaluation model was used to evaluate the lead ingestion of Urumqi residents from vegetable. The annual health risk of individual caused by lead in vegetable is 1.604×10-7a–1, which would not harm obviously the exposed population. Key words: Soil, Vegetable, Lead, health risk , Urumqi, 引言 铅在人体内是一种没有阈值的金属，只要有微量的金属铅存在于体内，就会对人体造血系统、神经系统、消化系统、肾脏等造成危害，影响人类健康。儿童对铅污染尤其敏感，当 儿童血铅水平在10 ug/dl以上时，即能对智商发育产生不可逆的损害[1]。随着城市废弃物农业利用的不断增加，农田重金属污染的趋势日益明显，铅污染状况也日益严重。铅一旦污 染土壤，很难降解、去除[2]。铅对土壤污染后，可导致农产品产生残毒，并可通过土壤-作物系统进入食物链。 随着生活水平的提高，蔬菜消耗量